1/25. Compressive optic nerve atrophy resulting from a distorted internal carotid artery.An 18-month-old female with right compressive optic nerve atrophy caused by an ipsilateral distorted internal carotid artery is reported. She was referred to an ophthalmologist at 8 months of age with the complaint of unilateral visual loss. neuroimaging studies should contribute markedly to the determination of the causes of visual problems in young children.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/25. Complete visual recovery in osteopetrosis by early optic nerve decompression.Visual loss with optic atrophy is common in osteopetrosis. The efficacy of optic nerve decompression in patients with osteopetrosis is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to report that visual deterioration in osteopetrosis can be completely reversed by early optic nerve decompression. An 8-year-old female patient with osteopetrosis was found to have reduced visual acuity on routine ophthalmologic examination. Extensive optic nerve decompression was performed. It not only included unroofing the optic canal, but also drilling away bone on both sidewalls of the optic nerve. Both optic nerves were decompressed during the same surgical procedure. Progressive loss of vision associated with osteopetrosis can be prevented by optic nerve decompression in the early stage of visual deterioration. When managing patients with osteopetrosis, the importance of careful and regular assessment of visual function should be stressed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.4keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/25. exercise-induced visual loss associated with advanced glaucoma in young adults.PURPOSE: To highlight the phenomenon of exercise-induced visual loss associated with advanced glaucoma and to discuss the possible underlying mechanisms. methods: Three young adult patients with congenital or juvenile-onset glaucoma presenting with visual loss which occurred during exercise underwent ophthalmic examination. In 2 cases, visual function parameters, including visual fields (Humphrey full threshold perimetry) were measured before and after exercise. RESULTS: All patients clearly described visual loss during exercise. In the 2 cases in which data were available, significant impairment in central visual acuity and reduced foveal sensitivity and mean deviation on visual field analysis occurred during exercise of mild to moderate intensity with complete or near complete recovery of visual function upon cessation of exercise. CONCLUSION: Young patients with advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy should be questioned regarding exercise-induced visual disturbance. We hypothesise that a 'vascular steal' is the likely mechanism underlying this phenomenon. patients should be advised to limit activities which induce their symptoms, and therapeutic measures to promote ocular blood flow should be considered.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/25. sphenoid sinus mucocele with recurrent visual disturbance.We present a case of sphenoid sinus mucocele with recurrent visual disturbance on the same side. A 22-year-old female showed two episodes of visual disturbance in the left eye for 3 months, and acute retrobulbar optic neuritis was diagnosed. With corticosteroid, visual disturbance improved in 1 week. MRI and CT scans showed mucocele in the left sphenoid sinus, and left optic nerve swelling with high intensity was observed in T2-weighted MRI. No destruction of the optic canal was found. The contiguous inflammation in the optic nerve rather than compression was considered as pathogenesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 11.511227235378keywords = optic neuritis, neuritis, retrobulbar, optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/25. The value of white blood cell count in patients with swollen discs.BACKGROUND: A broad differential diagnosis has to be considered in a patient with swollen discs. myeloproliferative disorders such as leukemia and lymphoma can in rare cases cause infiltrative optic neuropathy. history AND SIGNS: Two patients initially presented with slowly progressive severe visual loss. history was unremarkable except for previously noted slightly elevated white blood cell count for which - according to their general physicians - no treatment or work-up was required. At presentation, bilateral disc swelling was present. magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancement of the entire optic nerves sparing the chiasm. No other intracranial lesion was found. cerebrospinal fluid contained no malignant cells. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: After bone marrow aspiration the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and granulocytic leukemia, respectively, was made. Treatment resulted in visual recovery. CONCLUSION: work-up in a patient with swollen discs should always include white blood cell count. If the result is abnormal further exploration should be pursued. Elevated white blood cell count may be the only hint of optic nerve infiltration caused by a myeloproliferative disorder and its treatment can result in remarkable recovery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.6keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/25. arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve: a case report.BACKGROUND: To report a case of an arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve with homonymous optic atrophy. history AND SIGNS: A 17-year-old female patient presented with severe visual loss, limited to light perception, of the left eye. She underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, color fundus photography and electrophysiological study. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of a fusiform structure involving the left optic nerve from the orbital apex to the posterior surface of the globe. The clinical and radiographic features are consistent with an arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: The patient refused to be treated. Two years later, the VA remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve is a rare entity. Its differential diagnosis from the primary optic nerve glioma is difficult and important to be made in order to be treated properly.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/25. retinal vasculitis and cystoid macular edema after body tattooing: a case report.BACKGROUND: To report a case of retinal vasculitis occurring after the placement of permanent tattoos. history AND SIGNS: A 21-year-old male was referred to our department with impairment of visual acuity. Permanent tattoos covered the head, body, arms and legs. The patient was examined with ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography. Systemic medical and laboratory work-up were performed in order to exclude an infectious agent or an inflammatory disease. He had no history of intravenous drug abuse. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: Our patient presented severe posterior uveitis associated with retinal vasculitis and cystoid macular edema. Laboratory tests ruled out all diseases causing vasculitis. hiv and B, C hepatitis tests were negative. Cystoid macular edema and vasculitis were resolved after immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of a retinal vasculitis associated with cystoid macular edema in a completely healthy individual after the placement of permanent tattoos. A phagocytosis of tattoo pigments leading to their lysis is described in the literature as a mechanism causing vasculitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/25. ethambutol-induced optic neuritis in patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis: two case reports and literature review.ethambutol, a synthetic bacteriostatic agent, is a first line agent against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although optic neuritis is the most serious adverse effect of ethambutol, most cases in the literature are reversible. Renal failure prolongs the half-life of ethambutol and increases the risk of ethambutol-induced optic neuritis. We present two patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), who were on maintenance dialysis and suffering ethambutol-induced optic neuritis. The first woman had been suffering ESRD on hemodialysis for 2 years. After tuberculosis was diagnosed, she was prescribed three-combined anti-tuberculosis medications, including ethambutol 800 mg/day. Bilateral blurred vision suddenly occurred 4 months after the start of treatment, and she became totally blind despite discontinuing ethambutol. The second woman had been on hemodialysis for 5 months. Tuberculosis was diagnosed by lung biopsy. After 3 weeks of three-combined anti-tuberculosis medications including ethambutol (1,200 mg/day), reduced visual acuity and color vision defects occurred. One year after the discontinuation of ethambutol, visual acuity remained little improved. physicians should be aware of ethambutol-induced optic neuritis and ethambutol should be used cautiously in patients with renal failure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 79.118584198372keywords = optic neuritis, neuritis, optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/25. Bilateral severe visual loss in brucellosis.PURPOSE: To report a case of brucellosis with bilateral permanent loss of vision. methods: Case report. RESULTS: Bilateral loss of vision developed within two weeks in a young adult with positive brucella antibodies. There was optic disc swelling with optic neuropathy and serous retinal detachment in both eyes. The patient had chronic active brucellosis confirmed by serum antibody titers (1/640). CONCLUSION: This case shows that optic neuropathy may result in severe visual loss in patients with brucellosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.6keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/25. Corticosteroid treatment for melanoma-associated retinopathy: effect on visual acuity and electrophysiologic findings.BACKGROUND: Visual disturbance in the course of melanoma is rare. Specific localized metastases and drug toxic effects are frequently the cause. Recognition of a retinopathy raises several questions when the diagnosis of melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) can be confirmed. Descriptions of such patients in dermatologic literature are rare and deserve attention because therapeutic decisions are mandatory. OBSERVATIONS: A 70-year-old woman had a first melanoma in 1985 and a second primary melanoma in 1994. Axillary lymph node involvement occurred in November 2000, leading to surgery and chemotherapy. In December 2001, she had sudden bilateral visual loss, with shimmering blobs of color and flickering photopsias. Computed tomography and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging ruled out localized tumor on the eyes or optic nerves or evolution of disease. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a bilateral posterior uveitis, with hyalitis and progressive destruction of retinal pigment. The electrophysiologic data confirmed the diagnosis of MAR. Symptoms improved after systemic corticosteroid therapy, with no relapse after tapering doses despite worsening of melanoma. CONCLUSIONS: As a rare paraneoplastic visual syndrome possibly leading to blindness, MAR is characterized by bipolar cell involvement without photoreceptor cell impairment. Also, MAR is linked to the presence of autoantibodies directed against melanoma antigens that cross-react with the rod bipolar cells of the retina. Corticosteroid therapy is rarely beneficial. Our case of MAR is noteworthy because it involved a woman, was associated with an uveitis, and improved with corticosteroid therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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