1/10. leukoplakia of the urinary tract: a review.We herein describe 44 new cases of leukoplakia of the renal pelvis, bladder and urethra. leukoplakia is uncommon. It occurs twice as often in the bladder as in the pelvis and ureter and it is associated with and perhaps caused by chronic infection. carcinoma is present in 10 to 20 per cent of the cases at diagnosis. We believe that leukoplakia is not simple squamous metaplasia but a step further down the line--a process that evolved through squamous metaplasia and perhaps could result in cancer. We think leukoplakia is potentially pre-malignant and it should be treated as a low grade and low stage tumor since no satisfactory treatment exists.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. Management of extensive leukoplakia of bladder.A case of extensive leukoplakia of the bladder is presented. The occurrence is unusual and the management controversial. cystectomy should be considered in men with extensive vesical leukoplakia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. Extensive bilateral renal pelvis, ureter and bladder leukoplakia.We are presenting a case of leukoplakia spread to the bilateral renal pelvis, ureter and bladder in a 52-year-old woman. We believe this case is important because it involves leukoplakia that is more extensive than in any cases previously cited in the literature. No other possible etiologic cause except a heavy smoking habit was defined. Conservative follow-up was preferred to aggressive surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. A case of vesical leukoplakia.A 54-year-old woman who had earlier been treated for cervical dysplasia complained of recurrent cystitis, urgency and frequency, but without signs of genital prolapse. At cystoscopy with biopsies, leukoplakia of the bladder was diagnosed. We describe how the condition is distinguished from squamous metaplasia of the trigone as seen in normal premenopausal women. An association between leukoplakia and cancer is widely accepted. Against this background, a follow-up program is outlined. The possibility of leukoplakia as a multicentric disorder of the genito-urinary tract is briefly discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.3333333333333keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. Progression of leukoplakia of the bladder to squamous cell carcinoma 19 years after complete urinary diversion.We report a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma developing in a defunctionalized bladder with known leukoplakia 19 years after urinary diversion. We conclude from this case that once the initial metaplasia of the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract to leukoplakia has occurred chronic irritation by (infected) urine is not required to cause further progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, we recommend prophylactic cystectomy if palliative urinary diversion for relief of symptoms is considered in patients with leukoplakia of the bladder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.3333333333333keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Urothelial leukoplakia: new aspects of etiology and therapy.We describe 3 women in 1 family who had systemic urothelial leukoplakia with no underlying pathological condition of the urinary tract. Irritative clinical symptoms resolved, and the macroscopic and microscopic appearance improved after 6 months of therapy with sodium pentosanpolysulfate. Electron microscopy showed special cells in the basal layer of the cornified squamous epithelium that also have been found in the trigone of women with so-called squamous metaplasia. Their similarity to Merkel's cells of the skin supports the theory that ectodermal cells are misplaced during embryogenesis. Genetic factors and sex hormones seem to influence the development of certain variants of squamous epithelium within the urinary tract.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6666666666667keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. Necrotising ureteritis after cystoplasty for leukoplakia of the bladder--an unusual complication.Ileocaecocystoplasty was performed after subtotal cystectomy in a man with extensive leukoplakia of the bladder as a prophylaxis against carcinoma. 2 years later the ureter (contralateral nephrectomy had previously been performed) became blocked by an unusual interstitial inflammation complicated by necrosis and calcification. This was excised, and the tail of the ileum anastomosed to the renal pelvis with a good result at 20 months.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6666666666667keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. Relationship of leukoplakia to urothelial malignancy.The records of 108 patients presenting with leukoplakia of the urinary tract during the last 35 years were reviewed to define the natural history of this disease, with emphasis upon its association with urothelial cancer. Of the 108 patients 24 had upper urinary tract, 78 bladder and 10 urethral leukoplakia (1 with renal and bladder involvement, 3 with bladder and urethral involvement, and 1 with ureteral and renal involvement). Presenting complaints were primarily irritative. To date, 41 patients (37 per cent) have had associated carcinoma of the urothelium: 23 (21 per cent) presented with a concomitant or previous carcinoma and 18 of 85 (21 per cent) presenting without a concomitant or previous neoplasm have had documented progression to cancer. These figures support the concept that leukoplakia is a premalignant disease and that patients with this diagnosis deserve careful and frequent followup.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.3333333333333keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Squamous cell carcinoma presenting 10 years after cystectomy for leukoplakia.leukoplakia of the bladder is widely accepted as a precancerous lesion. We describe a patient in whom squamous cell carcinoma presented as an enterourethral fistula 10 years after cystectomy for leukoplakia of the bladder. During cystectomy we left most of the prostate and posterior urethra intact to preserve potency. In view of this case we recommend that in patients with bladder leukoplakia in whom ablative surgery is being contemplated a complete cystoprostatectomy be performed and a urethrectomy be considered seriously.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Squamous metaplasia and invasive epidermoid carcinoma of bladder.Invasive epidermoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is described in a young woman with a long history of bladder infections and extensive squamous metaplasia without atypia. The literature on squamous metaplasia and leukoplakia progressing to epidermoid carcinoma of the chronic dysuria, bladder infections, and long histories of squamous metaplasia of the bladder should be followed up very closely. If epidermoid carcinoma of the bladder develops, they should undergo radical surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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