1/9. Penile intraepithelial neoplasia overlying Kaposi's sarcoma lesions: role of viral synergy?Several viral agents have been detected in the lesional tissue of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Their precise oncogenic role remains to be determined. A 32-year-old heterosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had penile lesions of KS with overlying epithelial changes characteristic of intraepithelial neoplasia associated with concurrent infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is reported. The absence of viral dna from uninvolved skin suggests that this coinfection is more than coincidental and may involve synergy between these viruses, as has already been suggested for HPV and herpes simplex 2 virus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Transformation of large granular lymphocytic leukemia during the course of a reactivated human herpesvirus-6 infection.A patient with CD3 large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia developed transformation (TF). The phenotype of the leukemic cells was CD3 , CD4 and CD8-. The leukemic cell count increased rapidly; the cells became large and the nuclear outline, which had been reniform, became lobulated. Anti-HTLV-1 and anti-hiv antibodies were negative in the serum of the patient and no HTLV-1 specific sequences were detected in the cDNA of the leukemic cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Comparison of the karyotype abnormality of the leukemic cells before and after TF revealed an abnormality of the 21 trisomy in 90% of mitotic cells of the patient. Analysis of the cell cycle revealed that 13.7% of the leukemic cells were in dna synthesis phase which was not previously found. The titer of anti-human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) immunoglobulin g which had been high at chronic phase (1:1640 compared to normal titer of less than 1:160), became 1:20,000 at TF. The titer of anti-HHV-6 immunoglobulin m also increased from less than 1:4 at the chronic phase to 1:120 at TF (normal value less than 1:4). A HHV-6-specific dna sequence was detected by PCR in the peripheral mononuclear cells collected at TF but not at the chronic phase. These data suggests that TF occurs not only in CD3-negative but also in CD3-positive LGL leukemia. HHV-6 reactivation is therefore a possible cause in immunocompromised hosts whose general conditions are deteriorated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Rapidly progressive human herpesvirus 8-associated solid anaplastic lymphoma in a patient with AIDS--associated Kaposi sarcoma.We report a case of rapidly progressive solid lymphoma with anaplastic large cell morphology, followed by systemic Kaposi sarcoma in an adult patient with AIDS. The lymphoma cells expressed human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)-encoded latent and lytic proteins and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small rna, suggesting that this case could be categorized into HHV-8-associated solid lymphoma, a recently identified disease entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Oral solid form of primary effusion lymphoma mimicking plasmablastic lymphoma.Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare large cell lymphoma subtype that usually is associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Features facilitating PEL identification are its clinical presentation, cytologic findings, immunophenotypic profile, and particularly, relation to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection. Uncommonly, PEL may present as a solid form that predominantly involves the distal digestive tract and poses major diagnostic problems, especially when unassociated with body cavity effusions. We herein report the case of an HIV-positive 42-year-old male with synchronous presentation of a pleural cavity PEL and a tongue-based lesion, both displaying plasmablastic features. Demonstration of HHV8 presence in the lingual lesion excluded a plasmablastic lymphoma and established the diagnosis of an oral solid form of PEL. This case illustrates the need for investigating HHV8 in any plasmablastic-looking lymphoma, especially in HIV-infected patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Complex viral and fungal skin lesions of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were noted to have skin lesions in which there were histologic changes supporting the presence of both fungal and viral pathogens. skin lesions were found in the patellar region in two patients and in the groin in one patient. skin biopsies revealed massive epidermal hyperplasia, cytopathic changes of herpesvirus infection in all three patients, papillomavirus in one patient, and septate hyphae in the stratum corneum in all patients. The coexistence of fungal and viral infection produces an epidermal response that in some features resembles that seen in keratoacanthoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with disseminated human herpesvirus 6 infection in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia.A 47-year-old man with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) developed angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) 4 months after induction chemotherapy for AML. During a leukopenic period, the patient suffered from pericarditis with massive pericardial effusion in which human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) dna was detected. Although complete remission of AML was achieved, fever persisted and atypical skin rash followed by generalized lymphadenopathy along with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia appeared. A diagnosis of AILD was made on a biopsy specimen of the inguinal lymph node. The patient died of fulminant hepatitis and the autopsy showed lymphomatous infiltrates involving the liver, bone marrow, lungs, spleen, kidneys and heart. HHV-6 dna sequences were identified in the biopsy specimen of the lymph node and in the involved organ tissues. HHV-6 in this patient was variant B. It is known that HHV-6 can be reactivated in immunocompromised patients and causes severe complications. This unusual clinical course suggests that the immunosuppression associated with AML and the additional iatrogenic immunosuppression following cytopenia-inducing chemotherapy predisposed the patient to reactivated HHV-6 infection. The sequential detection of this virus before and after manifestation of AILD may support the evidence that HHV-6 infection could directly or indirectly trigger AILD. This is the first time that such a sequence of events has been reported to our knowledge. The possibility of HHV-6 infection should be considered when unexplained fever and generalized lymphadenopathy are seen in patients with leukemia, and administration of antiviral agents should be considered for the diagnostic evaluation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma in an eyelid of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Multiple viruses in pathogenesis.A 36-year-old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome sought care because of an upper eyelid lesion that dramatically increased in size. The histopathologic examination revealed a high-grade diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in continuity with a Kaposi sarcoma. in situ hybridization revealed Epstein-Barr virus in the large cell lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in the Kaposi sarcoma lesion. This collision tumor is an unusual presentation of 2 malignant neoplasms in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, with in situ hybridization evidence of Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in the lesion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. Epstein-Barr virus in B-cell lymphomas associated with chronic suppurative inflammation.Chronic antigenic stimulation is considered to play an important role in neoplastic lymphoid transformation. This paper describes three cases of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) associated with long-standing chronic suppuration. Two were primary bone lymphomas associated with long-standing chronic osteomyelitis and one was a primary skin lymphoma associated with chronic venous ulcers with a latent period of 13 years. All were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, with plasmacytoid differentiation in two cases. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNAs were demonstrated in virtually all tumour cells in all cases by in situ hybridization. immunohistochemistry revealed EBV-encoded latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 expression in one case and BZLF1 protein expression in all three cases, whilst the EBV-encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA)-2 was not detected. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) sequences were absent in two cases studied. Our cases show similarities with pyothorax-associated pleural lymphomas reported mainly from japan and recently from france, which are invariably associated with EBV. These findings suggest a causal effect of EBV in the development of this type of lymphoma complicating long-standing chronic suppuration. Localized immunodepression induced by chronic inflammation or immunosuppressive cytokines may favour the clonal proliferation of EBV-infected B cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. Establishment and characterization of EBV-positive and EBV-negative primary effusion lymphoma cell lines harbouring human herpesvirus type-8.In this study we report on the establishment and characterization of two novel lymphoma cell lines (CRO-AP/3 and CRO-AP/5) which carry infection by human herpesvirus type-8 (HHV-8) and have derived from AIDS-related primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). These two cell lines are representative of different virologic subtypes of PEL, i.e. HHV-8 /EBV- PEL in the case of CRO-AP/3 and HHV-8 /EBV PEL in the case of CRO-AP/5. Consistent with the diagnosis of PEL, both CRO-AP/3 and CRO-AP/5 expressed indeterminate (i.e. non-B, non-T) phenotypes although immunogenotypic studies documented their B-cell origin. Both cell lines are devoid of genetic lesions of c-MYC, BCL-2 and p53 as well as gross rearrangements of BCL-6. Detailed histogenetic characterization of these novel PEL cell lines suggests that PEL may derive from a post-germinal centre B cell which has undergone pre-terminal differentiation. The CRO-AP/3 and CRO-AP/5 cell lines may provide a valuable model for clarifying the pathogenesis of PEL. In particular, these cell lines may help understand the relative contribution of HHV-8 and EBV to PEL growth and development and may facilitate the identification of recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities highlighting putative novel cancer related loci relevant to PEL.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |