1/26. adult-onset tic disorders.We report on 8 patients with adult-onset motor tics and vocalisations. Three had compulsive tendencies in childhood and 3 had a family history of tics or obsessive-compulsive behaviour. In comparison with DSM-classified, younger-onset Gilles de la tourette syndrome, adult-onset tic disorders are more often associated with severe symptoms, greater social morbidity, a potential trigger event, increased sensitivity, and poorer response to neuroleptic medication.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/26. Uncomplicated Gilles de la tourette syndrome and probable Ganser syndrome. A case report and review of the literature.Gilles de la tourette syndrome (GTS) is a genetic neuropsychiatric disorder, which is more common than previously thought. Ganser syndrome is an uncommon disorder, particularly in children. We present the first report of a young girl aged 7 who was diagnosed independently as having both GTS and Ganser syndrome and who was otherwise well and remained well and improved at follow-up 8 years later. This highlights how the clinicians must always be vigilant when atypical behaviours begin, especially when one diagnosis has already been given. There may well be treatment implications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/26. Mental play in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder.A new phenomenon, found only in Gilles de la Tourette (GTS) patients, and which we have called 'mental play', is described. It was compared with the phenomenon of counting, which occurred in both GTS and obsessive-compulsive patients. In the GTS patients both mental play and counting were best characterised as playful impulsions. In contrast to the GTS patients, the counting of the obsessive-compulsive patients was in line with their obsessive-compulsive behaviour. These findings suggest that repetitive symptoms in GTS patients, even when they share superficial similarities with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should not be diagnosed automatically as obsessive-compulsive.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/26. Anti-inflammatory therapy with a COX-2 inhibitor in Tourette's syndrome.An infectious/inflammatory process plays a role in at least a subgroup of patients with tics and Tourette's syndrome (TS). Successful antibiotic therapy and prophylaxis was described repeatedly. We report the case of a patient suffering from chronic TS who was treated with celecoxib additionally to the antibiotic prophylaxis. This treatment was associated with a continuous improvement of tics and disturbed behaviour, such as aggression and social withdrawal. The withdrawal of celecoxib led to a marked deterioration in TS symptoms while the re-exposition had advantageous therapeutic effects. This result of the treatment with a COX-2 inhibitor supports the view that COX-2 inhibitors show therapeutic benefit in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders in which an inflammatory process is involved in the pathophysiology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/26. REM sleep behaviour disorder in a child with Tourette's syndrome.PURPOSE: To describe an association of Tourette's syndrome with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) in a prepubescent boy. methods: A four year longitudinal single-case study. RESULTS: The co-existence of Tourette's syndrome and RBD was confirmed after polysomnographic studies using the standard criteria. The authors propose possible overlap in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the two disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/26. A case of tourette syndrome presenting with oral self-injurious behaviour.Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) is deliberate harm to the body without suicidal intent, and the condition occurs in a number of psychiatric, behavioural and developmental disorders. This case report describes a 4-year-old female with SIB who presented to a paediatric dentist after the self-extraction of teeth as a result of oral motor tics. The girl repetitively ground her teeth in a monophasic lateral motion that resulted in luxation of her maxillary right primary canine, and produced generalized oral and facial pain. The parents consulted the dentist about their child's complaint of toothache. The oral findings were unexcephonable except for a mobile primary canine, but there was a history of unusual behaviour including hyperactivity, and after multidisciplinary consultation and exclusion of other systemic diseases, the subject was diagnosed as suffering from Tourette syndrome (TS). Preventive treatment using a dental splint was provided. Noncontingent reinforcement therapy was successfully used to diminish the subject's SIB.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/26. Olanzapine in Gilles de la tourette syndrome: beyond tics.Although there only have been a limited number of double-blind, placebo controlled trials, antipsychotics are considered to be effective drugs for the treatment of tics in Gilles de la tourette syndrome (GTS). Evidence concerning the efficacy of olanzapine and other atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of tics in GTS is growing, but still limited. Little is known about the use of olanzapine in adult GTS patients and about its effect on comorbid behavioural problems. We report on the use of olanzapine in a 25-year old male GTS patient with comorbid obsessive-compulsive behaviours, who was treated with olanzapine. Tic severity was rated using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (Y-GTSS). Comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Both scales were performed at admission and after 4 weeks of treatment with olanzapine. Treatment with olanzapine (20 mg) resulted not only in a fast reduction of tic severity and frequency, but also in a reduction of obsessive-compulsive behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: This case report further supports the available literature on the use of olanzapine as a therapeutic strategy for tics in GTS and draws attention to its possible use for comorbid behavioural disorders. Further research of antipsychotics in GTS should include measurements of comorbid behavioural symptom clusters.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/26. Aripiprazole in patients with tourette syndrome.The treatment of the Gilles de la tourette syndrome (GTS) is often challenging. One reason for this is the high neuropsychiatric cormorbidity in terms of ADHD or obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Dopaminergic modulation e.g. with antidopaminergic medication is an important part of the medical therapy aimed at motor and vocal tics. We report recent experiences with treatment with aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic agent, which not only improved motor and vocal tics but also ameliorated some behavioural symptoms of the GTS cluster. Furthermore, we discuss possible pharmacological mechanisms for the observed effects.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/26. The treatment of Gilles de la tourette syndrome by limbic leucotomy.A patient with Gilles de la tourette syndrome and severe self-injurious compulsions who had failed to respond to drug treatment and behavioural therapy obtained a complete and sustained resolution of his destructive behaviour and improvement in his tics following bilateral limbic leucotomy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/26. A case of tourette syndrome developing during haloperidol treatment.A ten year old boy developed features of tourette syndrome while taking haloperidol for behaviour problems. A record of his tics was kept and followed during his admission in hospital. His symptoms worsened as haloperidol was decreased and improved as the haloperidol was increased. The literature regarding tardive tourette syndrome is reviewed and potential implications of the case are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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