Cases reported "Thalamic Diseases"

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1/138. Thalamic hemorrhage following carotid endarterectomy-induced labile blood pressure: controlling the liability with clonidine--a case report.

    Carotid endarterectomy can lead to alterations in baroreceptor sensitivity. Impairment of this sensitivity can in turn lead to volatility of blood pressure (baroreflex failure syndrome--BFS). Rapid elevations in blood pressure can cause hypertensive encephalopathy in a patient with BFS. A patient is presented with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage associated with BFS.
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ranking = 1
keywords = cerebral, intracerebral
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2/138. The stereotactic volumetric information: its role in two-step resection of brainstem and thalamic giant tumor. Report of three cases and technical note.

    BACKGROUND: A compact intracerebral tumoral lesion is usually considered to be completely resectable. Nevertheless, radical resection of a huge lesion located in a critical area may damage the surrounding compressed brain tissue. In cases with a good prognosis, a two-step removal appears to be a safer strategy. methods: In three cases, two with huge brain stem lesions and one with a thalamic lesion, a two-step volumetric stereotactic resection was planned. This strategy allowed us to evaluate the amount of tumor to be removed during the first procedure and to have, during the second operation, an exact definition of the reduced mass with regard to the scar tissue and postoperative adhesions. Furthermore, we avoided significant shifting of the cerebral structures during both procedures. RESULTS: There was a very good final recovery in the cases with brain stem lesions and a minimal deficit in the patient with the thalamic lesion. The patient with a mesencephalic lesion remained comatose for almost 2 days after the first procedure, confirming our fears about too radical a one-step resection. CONCLUSIONS: We think that by using current techniques, it is possible to remove a well circumscribed lesion regardless of its position. This is probably easier with giant lesions where a safe trajectory can be planned. In these cases, with lesions located in very critical areas but with a good prognosis, a two-step resection appears to be a good option.
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ranking = 1.8384177904876
keywords = cerebral, intracerebral, brain
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3/138. CT and MRI in severe hypophosphataemia with central nervous system involvement.

    We report a 38-year-old woman with extreme hypophosphataemia in whom CT and MRI disclosed bilateral lesions within the basal ganglia, thalamus and occipital lobes. After adequate substitution of phosphate the lesions grossly resolved and the patient recovered. This case is the first to demonstrate that profound changes of serum phosphate may be associated with reversible brain lesions.
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ranking = 0.013852003009541
keywords = brain
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4/138. Attentional grasp in far extrapersonal space after thalamic infarction.

    Studies of animals and humans with focal brain damage suggest that attention in near and far extrapersonal space may be mediated by anatomically separate systems. Thalamic lesions have been associated with spatial neglect, but whether asymmetric attention specific to near or far space occur after thalamic damage has not been explored. It is also unclear if thalamic injury can induce contralesional defective response inhibition.We tested a woman with a left thalamic infarction who reported that, when driving, she had a tendency to veer towards people or objects on the right side of the road. Our patient and four controls performed a line bisection task with a laser pointer in near and far extrapersonal space. The experimenter marked each bisection either from the right of the presented line (right-distractor, RD) or the left (left-distractor, LD). RD and LD trials were pseudo-randomized.Our patient performed similarly to controls (mean -0.7 mm, controls -0.6 mm) on the line bisection task in near space. In far space she erred significantly rightward compared to her performance in near space (p<0.001). Controls performed similarly in near and far space. The experimenter position did not affect our patient's performance on near line bisections, nor did controls demonstrate a distractor effect for the near condition. In the far condition, however, our patient showed a significant distractor effect (LD -3.3 mm, RD 35.3 mm, p<0.001). Controls also demonstrated a distractor effect in the far condition (LD -6.4 mm, RD 0.7 mm, p<0.01), though of much smaller magnitude. Our results suggest that frontal-thalamic systems regulating visual attention may be disrupted by thalamic infarction. Such damage may produce an attentional grasp specific to far extrapersonal space.
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ranking = 0.013852003009541
keywords = brain
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5/138. Thalamic degeneration with negative prion protein immunostaining.

    A 34-year-old woman presented with an insidious 5-year history of cognitive decline and apathy, associated with hypersomnia, ataxia, and dysarthria. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed cortical and subcortical atrophy. At autopsy we found abnormalities in the subcortical grey matter and brainstem, with a relatively preserved cerebral cortex. The thalami showed symmetrical neuronal loss and astrocytosis, particularly severe in the dorsal medial nucleus, followed by the lateral nuclei group. Prion protein immunostaining was negative, and there was no spongiform change. No mutations were detected in the prion protein gene.
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ranking = 0.76915777543991
keywords = cerebral, brain
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6/138. Selective loss of vergence control secondary to bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction.

    The supranuclear pathways for vergence eye movements are poorly understood. The authors report a 57-year-old patient who presented with selective loss of vergence control and dissociation of light and near reaction. MRI showed a symmetric paramedian thalamic infarction without midbrain lesion. The findings suggest that this syndrome is due to an interruption of supranuclear fibers to midbrain vergence neurons.
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ranking = 0.027704006019081
keywords = brain
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7/138. Bilateral basal ganglia-thalamic lesions subsequent to prolonged fetal bradycardia.

    We report two infants with bilateral basal ganglia-thalamic lesions subsequent to prolonged fetal bradycardia. Cardiotocogram revealed severe bradycardia lasting for more than 20 min in both. They demonstrated a significant encephalopathy, abnormal muscle tones and signs of brainstem injury. Clinical or electrical seizures were not observed in either of them. CT during early neonatal period demonstrated decreased tissue attenuation in basal ganglia and thalami in the absence of extensive cortical changes. Both of them developed severe mental retardation and quadriplegia. MRI in late infancy demonstrated abnormal high intensity areas in bilateral basal ganglia, thalami and around central sulci on T2-weighted image. Close correlation between prolonged fetal bradycardia and basal ganglia-thalamic lesion was suggested.
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ranking = 0.013852003009541
keywords = brain
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8/138. Thalamic epidermoid cyst. A case report.

    A case of thalamic epidermoid cyst is reported. Its clinical presentation, radiological, operative findings and histological findings are discussed. Intraparenchymal epidermoids are uncommon and to our knowledge only one case of thalamic epidermoid has been reported earlier. The literature is reviewed in regard to incidence, location and etiology of Intracerebral epidermoid tumor cysts.
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ranking = 0.74145376942083
keywords = cerebral
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9/138. Total recovery after bilateral paramedian thalamic infarct.

    Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts are characterised initially by the association of acute vigilance disorders and vertical gaze palsy, followed by persisting dementia with severe mnemic disturbance, global aspontaneity and apathy. We describe a patient with a dramatic neuropsychological recovery, confirmed by testing examination and completed by a cerebral metabolism study. The pathophysiology of this type of cognitive deficit is discussed.
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ranking = 0.74145376942083
keywords = cerebral
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10/138. Japanese encephalitis with movement disorder and atypical magnetic resonance imaging.

    With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging, brain lesions associated with Japanese encephalitis are increasingly being recognized and correlated with movement disorder. Bilateral haemorrhagic thalamic infarcts on MRI, suggested as a characteristic finding in Japanese encephalitis were conspicuous by their absence in this case report of Japanese encephalitis.
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ranking = 0.013852003009541
keywords = brain
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