1/69. pulmonary artery fibrous bands: report of a case with extensive lung infarction and superinfection with coccidioides immitis, Pseudomonas, and acid-fast bacilli.A 46-year-old woman presented with shortness of breath and frequent lower respiratory tract infections. A ventilation-perfusion scan showed markedly reduced perfusion of the right lung, and pulmonary arteriogram showed stenosis of the right pulmonary artery. A right pneumonectomy revealed dense white fibrous bands partially occluding the pulmonary artery branches and two large abscess cavities filled with pus in the upper and lower lobes. Microscopic examination revealed extensive necrosis of lung parenchyma, suppurative granulomatous inflammation with coccidioides immitis organisms and rare acid-fast bacilli. pulmonary artery fibrous bands were originally believed to be congenital; however, they are now known to be sequelae of thromboembolic phenomena.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/69. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis c virus: molecular evidence of superinfection by homologous virus in children.BACKGROUND/AIM: Vertical transmission of hepatitis c virus (HCV) is well established but its incidence is low. To assess the molecular evidence of mother-to-infant transmission or intrafamilial transmission of HCV, the NS5 B region and the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the E2/NS1 region of the HCV genome from each member of a family were investigated. methods: A 35-year-old mother with chronic hepatitis c virus infection and her four infected boys were studied. The same HCV 1a genotype was found in all five. Phylogenetic analysis was done by the neighbor-joining, the maximum likelihood, and the maximum parsimony methods. RESULTS: Comparison of the phylogenetic trees in the NS5B and HVR1 regions showed that the sequences in the children were more closely related to the population of variants of their own mother than to any genotype la sequence available in the databases. However, four HVR1 clones from two brothers (E2 and E3) had a strong homology, but were significantly divergent from the variants of the mother. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a cluster of HCV strains exists in the family and that E3 could have been superinfected by E2 HCV strains and reciprocally. In conclusion, phylogenetic analysis through variable regions of the genome suggests that at least two modes of transmission are involved in this family: perinatal and horizontal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/69. Clearance of HCV rna in a chronic hepatitis c virus-infected patient during acute hepatitis b virus superinfection.The routes of hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus transmission are quite similar and coexistence of both viruses in one patient is not a rare phenomenon. Until now, the natural course of liver diseases induced by coinfections has not been well documented and the mechanisms of interaction between the two viruses and the human host have not been fully clarified. We report the case of a patient suffering from chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis c virus who developed an acute hepatitis b virus superinfection. serum hepatitis c virus ribonucleic acid became undetectable by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction at diagnosis of acute hepatitis b virus infection. At the same time, there was a striking increase in the serum concentrations of the antibodies against C22 and C33c hepatitis c virus antigens. Four months after clinical resolution of the acute hepatitis, hepatitis B surface antigen was undetectable in serum and three months later antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen appeared. Two years after acute hepatitis b virus infection, the patient has had no relapse of markers for viral replication of hepatitis b virus. transaminases are within the reference range and hepatitis c virus ribonucleic acid is undetectable in both serum and liver tissue. We hypothesize that acute hepatitis b virus infection stimulated a specific humoral response against hepatitis c virus as well as triggering non-specific defense mechanisms which finally eliminated both viruses.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/69. In vivo down regulation of HIV replication after hepatitis c superinfection.There are increasing molecular and clinical evidences that the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can be modified by coinfection with other viruses. The objective was to investigate the viral interaction between HIV and hepatitis c virus (HCV) after HCV superinfection. A 16 year-old pregnant woman was evaluated because of icteric acute hepatitis. Admission laboratory tests showed the following results: ALT 877 IU/L; AST 1822 IU/L; bilirubin 6.79 mg/dl. diagnosis of acute HCV was based on detection of serum HCV rna by PCR and anti-HCV seroconversion. ELISA for anti HIV testing was positive and confirmed by western blot. serum markers for other viruses were negative. The patient was followed during 19 months; serum samples were taken monthly during this period for detection of plasma HIV and HCV rna. Levels of plasma HIV-rna were positive in all samples tested before and after the onset of acute hepatitis c. Six months later and a for two month period, and 13 months later for a period of one month HIV viremia was undetectable; then HIV-rna in plasma was detectable again. In conclusion, HCV superinfection may have temporarily interfered with HIV replication in our patient. The following observations support our hypothesis: it has been demonstrated that hiv-1 replication is suppressed by HCV core protein which has transcriptional regulation properties of several viral and cellular promoters. Clinical implications of this event are not generally known and the interaction between these two viruses in dual infections is worth considering.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/69. Ligneous conjunctivitis in a girl with severe type I plasminogen deficiency.BACKGROUND: Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare form of chronic recurrent pseudomembranous disease and may be associated with systemic membranous pathological changes. Recently ligneous conjunctivitis has been linked to severe type I plasminogen deficiency. We report on a patient with plasminogen deficiency and severe bilateral ligneous conjunctivitis. A new treatment approach and its outcome in this patient are described. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 9-month-old Turkish girl with massive swelling of the eyelids and hard white pseudomembranes on both lids. The conjunctival smear was positive for streptococcus pneumoniae. The clinical diagnosis was: ligneous conjunctivitis with superinfection. Histological investigation showed fibrin as major component of the pseudomembranes. The coagulation analyses revealed decreased plasminogen activity (<5%; normal 80-120%) and decreased plasminogen antigen (<0.4 mg/dl; normal 6-25 mg/dl). The failure of surgical therapy led to the attempt at treatment with intravenous lys-plasminogen. A significant improvement of the ocular symptoms occurred; stabilization with no recurrent pseudomembranes could be achieved for 6 months after treatment. DISCUSSION: The initial amelioration of symptoms in our patient after systemic replacement therapy confirms the etiological importance of plasminogen deficiency in the development of ligneous conjunctivitis. Curative treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis is still not available. However, intravenous application of plasminogen offers new possibilities in therapy, although long-term treatment seems necessary.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/69. superinfection of posttraumatic retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to ascending urinary tract infection.Retroperitoneal hematoma is a common feature after blunt abdominal trauma, but secondary infection of these hematomas is a rare complication and its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We report a case of infected retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to renal trauma related to ascending urinary tract infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/69. superinfection with a transmissible strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa in adults with cystic fibrosis chronically colonised by P aeruginosa.Infection with transmissible strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa can occur in uncolonised patients, but cross infection (superinfection) of patients already colonised withP aeruginosa has not been reported. With genotypic identification, we found superinfection by a multiresistant transmissible strain of P aeruginosa in four patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who were already colonised by unique strains of P aeruginosa. No evidence of environmental contamination was found, but all patients became superinfected after contact with colonised individuals during inpatient stays. inpatients with CF who are colonised with P aeruginosa should be separated by strain type. Such strain typing can only be reliably done by genomic methods, but this has resource implications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/69. Reactivation of hepatitis c virus superinfection in a patient seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen.During the course of chronic hepatitis b virus (HBV) infection, a patient seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen experienced four episodes of acute hepatic necroinflammation. serum HBV-dna concentration elevated immediately before the first and third exacerbations, whereas serum hepatitis c virus (HCV) rna was detected during the second and fourth exacerbations. The nucleotide sequences of HCV hypervariable region derived from samples of the two exacerbations were identical. Interestingly, "de novo" seroconversion of anti-HCV antibody (Abbott HCV EIA 3.0) followed by reversion occurred in both the second and fourth exacerbations with low sample/cutoff ratios. Immunoblot analysis using a line-immunoassay (Inno-LIA HCV Ab III) revealed a single positive band (C1) developing after the second exacerbation. These data indicate that the second exacerbation in this patient was caused by newly acquired acute HCV superinfection, whereas the fourth exacerbation was likely due to reactivation of the previous HCV infection. Recognition of such a case suggests that the presence of de novo seroconversion of anti-HCV may indicate either reactivation or acute superinfection of HCV in a patient seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/69. Single nucleotide insertion in the 5'-untranslated region of hepatitis c virus with clearance of the viral rna in a liver transplant recipient during acute hepatitis b virus superinfection.hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection is an important etiology in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) world-wide. Antiviral therapy-related clearance of HCV rna may occur both in patients with chronic HCV infection and in transplanted patients for HCV-related liver cirrhosis, but the role of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of HCV containing the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), which directs the translation of the viral open reading frame has not hitherto been evaluated. We studied the 5'-UTR in an HCV-infected recipient of a liver graft that showed spontaneous clearance of HCV rna during an acute hepatitis b virus (HBV) superinfection. Sequencing of the 5'-UTR of HCV showed a nucleotide A insertion at position 193 of the IRES.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/69. superinfection of chronic multifocal osteomyelitis with enterobacter cloacae.A case is presented of a 6-year-old boy from nigeria who developed chronic multifocal osteomyelitis with bilateral and symmetrical proximal humeral involvement. Superimposed changes of acute osteomyelitis were noted on the histopathological evaluation of the lesions. Cultures from both sides were positive for enterobacter cloacae, which was presumably contracted during intravenous therapy for typhoid fever in nigeria 1 month prior to his presentation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.8keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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