1/6. Experience of isolated sleep paralysis in clinical practice in nigeria.The supernatural fears associated with the experience of isolated sleep paralysis in the culture of developing countries is sometimes associated with the evolution of somatic symptoms of psychological origin in patients predisposed to neurotic illness. patients rarely spontaneously volunteer these fears and doctors pay them scant attention. Illustrative case histories that demonstrate the dynamics of the clinical presentation, as well as the treatment approach, are highlighted. It is hoped that doctors in general medical practice and in psychological medicine in developing countries where belief in supernatural causation of illness is rife will consider these factors in order to provide more effective treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fear (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Cognitive-behavior therapy with nighttime fearful children.In this study, the nighttime problems of two girls diagnosed as having separation anxiety disorder were treated with cognitive-behavioral procedures. Through the use of a multiple baseline design across subjects, the additive effects of self-control training and self-control training plus contingent reinforcement were determined. For both girls, self-report of anxiety and behavioral avoidance of sleeping in their own beds was reduced significantly only when to the self-control training the reinforcement condition was added. Resolution of these nighttime problems also appeared to generalize to other features of separation anxiety disorder. The clinical and theoretical significance of these findings is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = fear (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Emotive imagery and children's night-time fears: a multiple baseline design evaluation.Emotive imagery is a variant of systematic desensitization that has been used in the treatment of children's excessive fears. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of emotive imagery as a fear reduction procedure using a multiple baseline design across subjects. Three children (6, 8 and 11 years old) with night-time fears participated in the study. The children showed marked behavioral improvements on a test for darkness toleration that was administered on alternate days in their homes. However, they reported experiencing very little fear in these tests. Over the intervention period fewer night-time behavioral disturbances were observed for two subjects. parents expressed some concern about the darkness test but were satisfied with emotive imagery as a fear reduction procedure. As children's phobias are characterized by multiple processes, we recommend a combination of treatment procedures in clinical practice.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.5keywords = fear (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. The pathophysiology of sleep disorders in pediatrics. Part II. sleep disorders in children.In this part of the chapter we have used new terminology and developed a new system for classification of sleep disorders in children. We suggest that excessive daytime sleepiness should be investigated by clinicians before troubles at school necessitate referral. The narcolepsy-hypersomnia syndrome generally has not been recognized in the pediatric age group. Symptoms of excessive fear of falling asleep need to be viewed in this context. Sleep apnea-hypersomnia has received insufficient attention in the American literature. It is a syndrome that affects both adults and children with potentially disastrous cardiovascular and pulmonary complications. The relationship of the sleep apnea-hypersomnia syndrome to the sudded infant death syndrome remains speculative, although preliminary results from our longitudinal study have indicated a possible link. Both the narcolepsy-hypersomnia and the sleep apnea-hypersomnia syndromes are reviewed in detail. In contrast, we review briefly the NREM dyssomnias, including night terrors, sleepwalking, sleep talking and enuresis. All are well known to clinicians dealing with children, and we have related them to findings emanating from the sleep laboratory. We suggest that they are physiologically rather than psychogenically based and frequently represent immaturities of the central nervous system. Finally, the insomnias of childhood are presented. We emphasize that they are rare, and after ruling out organic conditions and drug-dependency syndromes, cultural styles or family stresses generally account for the majority of complaints.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = fear (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. The nightmare of returning home: a case of acute onset nightmare disorder treated by lucid dreaming.Nightmare disorder with acute onset involves the sudden appearance of frightening and disruptive dreams. In severe cases it may involve high levels of anxiety, fear of falling asleep, cognitive deficits secondary to sleep deprivation and so may pose a psychiatric emergency. Standard techniques of dream interpretation appear limited in dealing with such a crisis. Lucid dreaming, the experience of dreaming and simultaneously being aware that one is dreaming is an easily learned technique that may provide effective and dramatic relief. The usefulness of lucid dreaming is illustrated by a case history.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = fear (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. Sleep in panic disorders.panic disorder is a common anxiety disorder, which has relatively often its onset during adolescence. Besides panic attacks and avoidance behavior the patients often have sleep disturbances. They suffer from insomnia, nocturnal panic attacks, fear of going to bed or falling asleep and drug- or alcohol-related symptoms such as withdrawal phenomena.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = fear (Clic here for more details about this article) |