1/101. White-centred retinal haemorrhages (Roth spots).Roth spots (white-centred retinal haemorrhages) were classically described as septic emboli lodged in the retina of patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis. Indeed many have considered Roth spots pathognomonic for this condition. More recent histological evidence suggests, however, that they are not foci of bacterial abscess. Instead, they are nonspecific and may be found in many other diseases. A review of the histology and the pathogenesis of these white-centred haemorrhages will be provided, along with the work-up of the differential diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/101. Partial retinal artery occlusion after coil embolization of an intracerebral aneurysm.Occlusion of the retinal artery is a rare complication after therapeutic embolization. We present a case of a partial retinal artery obstruction following coil embolization of an intracerebral aneurysm. To our knowledge, only six cases of acute occlusion of the choroidal and/or retinal arteries after therapeutic embolization have been reported so far. The case presented here, however, is the first in which platinum microcoils were the material used. In addition the retinal ischemia was reversible, visual acuity returning to normal and cutten-wool spot and retinal hemorrhages resolving spontaneously.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.1346405873029E-5keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/101. Unilateral retinal hemorrhages in documented cases of child abuse.PURPOSE: To describe the occurrence of unilateral retinal hemorrhages in four cases of documented child abuse, including a case in which retinal hemorrhages were an incidental finding on routine examination. methods: case reports. RESULTS: Three children, 5 to 17 months of age, with suspected child abuse had fundus examinations with a dilated pupil as part of their evaluation. An additional child, 6 months of age, received fundus examination with a dilated pupil as part of follow-up for regressed retinopathy of prematurity. Each of the four children had extensive retinal or preretinal hemorrhages in one eye only. Three of the four had ecchymoses on the ipsilateral face or neck. Two had evidence of bone fractures on skeletal surveys. All four had neuroimaging that documented cerebral hemorrhage or infarct. In all four cases an adult caretaker was found responsible for shaking, choking, or squeezing the child. One child died. Two had resolution of retinal hemorrhage, whereas one required vitrectomy. All three had at least partial recovery of vision in the affected eye after amblyopia treatment. CONCLUSION: In cases of documented child abuse, unilateral retinal or preretinal hemorrhages may be present. Ophthalmologists should recognize that unilateral retinal or preretinal hemorrhages may be associated with child abuse.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6269281174606E-5keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/101. Recurrent malignant hypertension: a report of two cases and review of the literature.Malignant hypertension (MHT) is a rare and life-threatening condition which is defined clinically as severe hypertension accompanied by bilateral retinal haemorrhages and/or hard exudates, with or without papilloedema. If untreated, the prognosis of MHT is poor. With MHT being a relatively rare condition, it would be unusual to see it on more than one occasion in the same patient. We describe in detail two cases from a disease register of 400 cases of MHT seen in one medical centre over 33 years.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/101. Preretinal haemorrhages: an unusual manifestation of intravitreal amikacin toxicity.PURPOSE: To report a case with multiple preretinal haemorrhages after intravitreal amikacin. METHOD: A 58-year-old patient developed postoperative endophthalmitis following a routine extracapsular cataract extraction in his left eye. He received two intravitreal injections of cephazoline (2.25 mg) and amikacin (0.4 mg), given 48 h apart. RESULTS: The patient presented to us with large preretinal haemorrhages at the posterior pole. Multiple large areas of blocked fluorescence were seen on fundus fluorescein angiography. CONCLUSION: Widespread posterior pole preretinal haemorrhages may be an unusual manifestation of intravitreal amikacin toxicity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1666666666667keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/101. A 12-year ophthalmologic experience with the shaken baby syndrome at a regional children's hospital.PURPOSE: To examine the ophthalmologic experience with the shaken baby syndrome (SBS) at one medical center, including clinical findings, autopsy findings, and the visual outcome of survivors. methods: One hundred sixteen patients admitted from 1987 to 1998 for subdural hematomas of the brain secondary to abuse were included. RESULTS: Retinal hemorrhages were detected in 84% of the children, but this important finding had been missed often by nonophthalmologists. Poor visual response, poor pupillary response, and retinal hemorrhage correlated strongly with demise of the child. One child who died had pigmented retinal scars from previous abuse, a condition not previously observed histopathologically. The clinical and autopsy findings varied somewhat, probably because of the differing conditions for examination. No correlation could be made between computerized tomography scans done during life and the subdural hemorrhage of the optic nerve found on autopsy. Half of the surviving patients were known to have good vision. One fourth of the patients had poor vision, largely due to cerebral visual impairment from bilateral injury posterior to the optic chiasm. Severe neurologic impairment correlated highly with loss of vision. CONCLUSION: This series provides information on the frequency of eye findings in SBS patients. No fundus finding is pathognomonic for SBS. When retinal hemorrhages are found in young children, the likelihood that abuse occurred is very high. The difficulty that nonophthalmologists have in detecting retinal hemorrhage may be an important limiting factor in finding these children so they may be protected from further abuse.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6418374001433E-5keywords = cerebral, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/101. Ocular and cerebral involvement in familial lymphohistiocytosis.A 5-month-old infant girl died of familial lymphohistiocytosis. The central nervous system showed widespread perivascular infiltration of the cerebral pia and arachnoid, the cerebral white matter and deep gray matter, the cerebellum, and brain stem by lymphocytes, benign appearing histiocytes, and macrophages with erythro-and lymphophagocytosis. The eyes had mild infiltration of the anterior uveal tract, moderate involvement of the inner retina, and marked infiltration of the optic nerves by identical cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.7764779874461E-5keywords = cerebral, brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/101. Intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator in submacular haemorrhage.Submacular haemorrhage is a major cause of sudden visual loss in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). If left untreated it often results in permanent central visual loss. We present our experience in the use of intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in a 65-year-old male with submacular haemorrhage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/101. High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE): the Denver/Front Range experience.High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a potentially fatal metabolic encephalopathy associated with a time-dependent exposure to the hypobaric hypoxia of altitude. Symptoms commonly are headache, ataxia, and confusion progressing to stupor and coma. HACE is often preceded by symptoms of acute mountain sickness and coupled, in its severe form, with high-altitude pulmonary edema. Although HACE is mostly seen at altitudes above that of the Denver/Front Range visitor-skier locations, we report our observations over a 13-year period of skier-visitor HACE patients. It is believed that this is a form of vasogenic edema, and it is responsive to expeditious treatment with a successful outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.1346405873029E-5keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/101. Ocular decompression retinopathy after resolution of acute primary angle closure glaucoma.A patient presented with acute primary angle closure glaucoma with markedly elevated intraocular pressure. Two weeks after laser peripheral iridotomy and resolution of the acute attack, the patient was noted to have developed scattered retinal haemorrhages. The haemorrhages resolved over time with no visual sequelae. This is the first reported case of ocular decompression retinopathy after resolution of acute primary angle closure glaucoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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