1/42. meningoencephalitis caused by a novel paramyxovirus: an advanced MRI case report in an emerging disease.Eleven abattoir workers in singapore were infected in March 1999 by an outbreak caused by the nipah virus. This newly discovered, Hendra-like paramyxovirus causes acute infection of the CNS. We present the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings in a patient suffering from acute meningoencephalitis. Multiple small white matter lesions were detected on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted images. There were no abnormalities detected on MRS. We believe this to be the first reported MRI findings in this novel zoonotic viral disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/42. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after para-influenza infection post bone marrow transplantation.Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a parainfectious or postvaccination demyelinating condition, characterized by rapid onset of multifocal neurological deficits, usually occurring in childhood or adolescence. We report case of ADEM in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient, who presented with rapid onset of paraplegia and widespread neurological deficits 6 weeks after parainfluenza pneumonia. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed typical features of ADEM, involving the subcortical white matter, brain steam and spinal cord. There was a rapid and complete response to pulse high-dose corticosteriod and intravenous immunoglobulin. The importance of recognition and early treatment of this rare condition in transplantation practice is emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/42. Emerging viral infections in australia.hendra virus infection should be suspected in someone with close association with horses or bats who presents acutely with pneumonia or encephalitis (potentially after a prolonged incubation period). Australian bat lyssavirus infection should be suspected in a patient with a progressive neurological illness and a history of exposure to a bat. rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin should be strongly considered after a bite, scratch or mucous membrane exposure to a bat. Japanese encephalitis vaccine should be considered for people intending to reside in or visit endemic areas of southern or eastern asia for more than 30 days.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/42. Human parainfluenza virus giant cell pneumonia following cord blood transplant associated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.Giant cell pneumonia secondary to human parainfluenza virus 3 has been reported only rarely in immunocompromised hosts. The few cases documented after bone marrow transplant have resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. To our knowledge, this entity has not been described following umbilical cord blood transplant. pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, a rare condition that has been reported with increasing frequency in association with immunocompromise and infections, has not been documented in the setting of either umbilical cord blood transplant or human parainfluenza viral infection. We report what we believe is the first documented case of giant cell pneumonia caused by human parainfluenza virus 3 in an umbilical cord blood transplant recipient. To our knowledge, a unique associated feature of this case, a pulmonary alveolar proteinosis-like reaction, has not been reported previously in association with human parainfluenza virus pneumonia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/42. Treatment of acute pulmonary failure with extracorporeal support: 100% survival in a pediatric population.Since February 1990, five children, aged 10 days to 6.5 years, were treated with extracorporeal lung support at our hospital for acute, unrelenting pulmonary failure. Two had viral pneumonia: one with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, and one with herpes simplex virus pneumonia, encephalitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. One presented with a febrile illness followed by a pulmonary hemorrhage. Two patients had adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicating severe systemic illnesses, toxic epidermal necrolysis in one and cat scratch disease with encephalitis in the other. All children had diffuse parenchymal lung disease by chest x-ray. On maximum medical management all patients were developing carbon dioxide retention and progressive hypoxemia, exceeding previously established NIH study criteria for extracorporeal treatment. Three children (10 days, 2 months, 13 months) were placed on venoarterial support and two children (20 months and 6.5 years) were placed on venovenous extracorporeal support (ECCO2R). Three of the five had open lung biopsies performed, which showed findings consistent with a moderate to severe cellular phase of ARDS. No viral inclusions were found in the patient with RSV infection. One hundred percent immediate survival was achieved in this patient population. Average duration of support was 330 hours (range, 89 to 840). Following completion of extracorporeal support, all children were successfully weaned from the ventilator with an average time to extubation of 23.2 days (range, 2 to 58 days). One child died of congestive heart failure following palliative surgery for a complex noncyanotic congenital cardiac lesion 35 days after successfully weaning from extracorporeal support for an acute febrile illness and pulmonary hemorrhage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/42. Parainfluenza virus 3 infection pre- and post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: re-infection or persistence?BACKGROUND: A 5-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from his father and was monitored for the presence of respiratory viruses. STUDY DESIGN: Nasal washes were taken during the transplant period and tested by culture and real-time PCR. RESULTS: Fifteen days prior to transplant parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) was isolated by culture and confirmed by immunofluoresence (IF) from a nasal wash specimen. Subsequent samples were negative by both IF and culture so the pre-transplant conditioning was started. One week after the HSCT the patient developed respiratory symptoms which progressively deteriorated. The IF and culture for PIV3 became positive again only after the symptoms deteriorated. However, retrospectively, a real-time PCR assay showed that the PIV3 was detectable throughout the conditioning phase and the amount of virus increased at the time of reappearance of respiratory symptoms post-HSCT. CONCLUSIONS: Management of PIV3 infection is important in HSCT. The use of this real-time PCR assay could improve diagnosis and management of PIV3 infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 10keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/42. Severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after autologous bone marrow transplantation: a report of three cases and review.Three patients with acute leukemia who underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in complete remission, developed a severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia, which was fatal in two. Identification of RSV was made on the products of bronchoalveolar lavage by direct immunofluorescence. As already described by others, the initial course of RSV infection varies, depending on whether it occurs sooner or later after BMT with a better prognosis in the latter situation. Treatment consists of aerosolized ribavirin. infection by RSV is caused by manual contact with infected persons and contaminated surfaces. The severity of lung RSV infection in the course of BMT suggests the need for prophylactic measures in addition to standard isolation precautions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/42. Treatment of parainfluenza virus 3 pneumonia in a cardiac transplant recipient with intravenous ribavirin and methylprednisolone.A 59-year-old man developed a lower respiratory tract infection 10 years after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. He did not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotic and antifungal treatment. Parainfluenza virus type 3 was the causative organism, and he was successfully treated with intravenous ribavirin and methylprednisolone.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/42. Evolution of a T-B- SCID into an Omenn syndrome phenotype following parainfluenza 3 virus infection.Mutations in both of the recombination activating genes (RAG)1 and RAG2 can lead to either T-B-severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) or Omenn syndrome (OS), two diseases presenting with totally different clinical and laboratory manifestations. The fact that the same mutations can cause either T-B- SCID or OS, even within the same family, lends credibility to the hypothesis that an additional factor (autoantigen or exoantigen) is required in certain circumstances for the development of OS phenotype. We investigated three patients from the same extended family who presented as T-B- SCID due to a homozygous mutation (G1305T) in the RAG2 gene. Our data support the notion that mutated RAG proteins may not always be sufficient to cause OS phenotype, and show evolution from a T-B- SCID into a typical OS phenotype subsequent to parainfluenza 3 virus infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/42. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in an adult with Wegener's granulomatosis.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been documented as a pathogen in adults who are immunocompromised because of various underlying conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and RSV infection resulting in a fatal outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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