1/21. Herpetic tracheitis and brachial plexus neuropathy in a child with burns.Herpetic tracheobronchitis is a well-recognized clinical entity that most commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients, including patients with burns. Although the diagnosis of herpetic tracheobronchitis is usually not made until postmortem examination, the presence of the condition can be established when histologic specimens of a patient with upper airway obstruction are studied. In this article, a case is described in which a child developed herpetic tracheitis after undergoing elective intubation after the grafting of burns of the face, neck, and upper extremity. The tracheitis resulted in severe upper airway obstruction that required tracheal dilatation and sequential bronchoscopic excisions of granulation tissue. The patient also developed a brachial plexus neuropathy that was most likely related to herpetic infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/21. Neuropraxia of the cutaneous nerve of the cervical plexus after shoulder arthroscopy.This article presents uncommon cases of neuropraxia of the lesser occipital nerve and the greater auricular nerve after arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder in the beach-chair position under general anesthesia. The lesser occipital nerve and the greater auricular nerve are superficial ascending branches of the cervical plexus. These 2 superficial nerves may be easily vulnerable because of their superficial anatomic locations. We assumed that the severity of the neuropraxia of superficial branches of the cervical plexus was related to the degree of rotation and deviation of the head and neck, the duration of the procedure, and compression by head strap and elastic bandage used for fixing the head to the rectangular-shaped headrest of the beach-chair device. We recommend that during surgery in the beach-chair position, the auricle be protected and covered with cotton and gauze to avoid direct compression and the position of the head and neck be checked and corrected frequently. We hope for a new design of the headrest of the beach-chair device to prevent neuropraxia and to attach the head firmly and safely.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/21. Mononeuritis multiplex with brachial plexus neuropathy coincident with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has been associated with a variety of neurologic complications involving the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system and muscle. We present a patient who developed a previously unreported complication: mononeuritis multiplex. This consisted of a severe brachial plexus neuropathy with contralateral cervical monoradiculopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/21. Hypertrophic brachial plexus neuritis: a pathological study of two cases.Two patients with brachial plexus neuropathy had recurrent symptoms for years that culminated in the development of a painful lower cervical mass. On macroscopic examination the affected nerves had a fusiform segmental enlargement, suggestive of a nerve sheath tumor, that was excised. Histologically, marked endoneurial edema, florid focal chronic inflammation, extensive onion bulb formation, and perineurial sparing were seen. Electron microscopic studies on one patient revealed microvasculitis; frequent tubuloreticular inclusions in endothelial cells, histiocytes, and lymphocytes; and cylindrical confronting cisternae in lymphocytes. We conclude that some cases of recurrent brachial plexus neuropathy are due to a localized chronic inflammation that may be related to autoimmunity or to a viral infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/21. Extradural malignancy simulating brachial neuritis.A 57 year old man is described who presented with symptoms and signs suggestive of brachial neuritis. Sparing of the serratus anterior both clinically and on electromyography suggested that the lesion was in the brachial plexus, thus supporting the diagnosis. Subsequent investigation showed an extradural tumour at C5-C6 level. Sparing of serratus anterior does not definitively localize the pathology as distal to the nerve roots.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/21. An inflammatory axonopathy of the myenteric plexus producing a rapidly progressive intestinal pseudoobstruction.A previously well 39-yr-old man presented with a 4-wk history of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. An upper gastrointestinal examination showed retained food in the stomach and duodenal dilatation. A radioisotope meal showed little gastric emptying; esophageal manometry was normal. Because of persistent symptoms, a duodenojejunostomy was done. However, the patient remained symptomatic and after an episode of profuse vomiting, aspirated and died 10 wk after initial presentation. At autopsy, no tumor was found. hematoxylin and eosin stains throughout the gastrointestinal tract showed many lymphocytes and plasma cells within the myenteric plexus. silver stains showed the argyrophilic and argyrophobic neurons to be normal, but axons showed beading, fragmentation, and dropout in all areas. We therefore concluded the following: intestinal pseudoobstruction can be caused by an inflammatory neuropathy of the myenteric plexus, not associated with a distant carcinoma, and this process produced an axonopathy while sparing neuron bodies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/21. Post mastectomy pain after brachial plexus palsy: metastases or radiation neuritis?Three patients have been reported who developed metastatic tumour within the neural tissue of the brachial plexus three years, four years and fourteen years respectively after treatment of breast carcinoma by simple mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. A fourth patient who developed bilateral upper limb paralysis after radiotherapy for a lymphoma is also reported. At exploration of the brachial plexus extensive fibrosis was present in all cases with metastases only diagnosed through biopsy of neural tissue. The clinical features and the role of surgery are discussed in the light of our experience and a review of available literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/21. Acute bilateral brachial plexus neuritis associated with hypersensitivity vasculitis. A case report and review of literature.The occurrence of brachial plexus neuritis during the acute phase of vasculitis is uncommon. We describe a patient with a long history of rhinitis and a recent onset of asthma, who developed purpuric skin lesions, abdominal pain, eosinophilia and brachial neuritis along with evidence of sacral plexus neuropathy. High dose steroids and cyclophosphamide induced a remission. He stopped all medications after 3 years and after 6 years the patient has some fixed minimal residual neurological deficit. The importance of aggressive therapy in treating extensive polyneuropathy during the acute phase of hypersensitivity vasculitis is raised. A possible cytotoxic role of eosinophils in the pathological process is suggested.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/21. Brachial plexus neuropathy as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus.A patient presented with bilateral brachial plexus neuropathy which 2 weeks later evolved into a polyneuropathy involving all four extremities. On further investigation, the patient was found to have systemic lupus erythematosus. Treatment with steroids was accompanied by complete resolution of the neurologic findings.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/21. Brachial plexus neuropathy. Three cases in children.Brachial plexus neuropathy is an acute neurologic disorder characterized by pain, weakness, and atrophy of the muscle groups affected. Although well documented in the adult literature, relatively few cases have been reported in children. Despite the lack of knowledge concerning its etiology, and lack of an effective therapy, the long-term prognosis is excellent. It is perhaps for these reasons that spinal fluid analysis is not routinely performed during the acute phase of this illness. An evaluation of the clinical course of three children, together with epidemiologic data, suggests that early lumbar punctures and an extensive search for an infecting viral agent, notably coxsackievirus B, are warranted.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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