1/9. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy showing microbial infection in the liver.A 24-year-old, nulliparous woman in her 30th week of pregnancy was admitted due to threatened premature delivery. Ritodrin chloride relieved the premature contraction of the uterus but jaundice and drowsiness appeared 7 weeks later. Laboratory data revealed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with intrahepatic cholestasis, and ultrasound examination showed fatty liver. The patient was diagnosed with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP). Emergency delivery by Caesarean section was performed at 37 weeks of pregnancy and the liver function and DIC improved immediately. Liver biopsy 13 days after delivery showed nuclear swelling and cytoplasmic ballooning with mild fatty deposition. These findings were relatively compatible with acute AFLP. Higher magnification and electron microscopy revealed intracytoplasmic bacteria and fungus in the residual stage. The bacterial infection could be considered related to AFLP.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Mucoraceae infections of antibiotic-loaded cement spacers in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by knee arthroplasty.Two clinical cases of mycotic infections secondary to knee spacers medicated with antibiotics against bacterial infections are presented. Care must be taken between the first and second stage (when the spacer is in place), and attention must be paid to the management of the surgical wound to avoid secondary contamination.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Infections associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists.Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antagonists are promising therapeutic agents for patients with severe autoimmune and rheumatologic conditions. Unfortunately, their use has been associated with an increased rate of tuberculosis, endemic mycoses, and intracellular bacterial infections. Infliximab, 1 of 3 available drugs in this novel class, appears to be associated with the greatest risk of infection, likely because of its long half-life and induction of monocyte apoptosis. Prospective trials are necessary to determine the exact risk associated with these agents, particularly the newer TNF-alpha antagonists. More specific TNF-alpha blockers, which reduce inflammation while maintaining adequate immunity, are needed. In the meantime, a thorough work-up is mandatory for all febrile illness occurring in TNF-alpha blocker recipients. We present 4 patients who developed severe infections during TNF-alpha antagonist therapy, review the literature, and discuss current guidelines for surveillance and prophylaxis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Pseudallescheriasis in northern Britain.Five cases of pseudallescheria boydii infection are reported from the northern part of the United Kingdom. None of the patients had travelled abroad. Three cases of otitis in which P. boydii was associated with bacterial infections were diagnosed within a 6-month period. A lady who had diabetes mellitus presented with a pulmonary fungus ball in a pre-existent cavity caused by a previous bacterial infection. After minor trauma at the site of an old skin graft, a farmer's wife developed an ulcer on the dorsum of the right ankle. Precipitating antibodies were demonstrated except in two of the cases of ear infection. The management of the individual cases is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Fungal graft infections: case report and review of the literature.Fungal intravascular graft infections are rare. In addition to our case, which forms the basis of this article, only 13 documented instances could be found in the literature in the 20-year period from 1966 to 1986. Three of these cases (21%) had both fungus and bacteria grown in culture. candida and aspergillus species constituted most of the infecting organisms (79%). There was no obvious difference in the clinical presentations between fungal and bacterial infections. In two cases (14%), there was a strong predisposition toward fungal infection: one in a patient with pulmonary histoplasmosis and one in a patient with leukemia. Appropriate intervention appears to be graft excision and extra-anatomic bypass with concomitant therapy with amphotericin b. Survival with this approach was 84%, whereas other methods yielded a survival rate of 20%.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. opportunistic infections of the retina and posterior segment.opportunistic infections of the retina are becoming a more frequent diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as immunosuppressed patients become more common. Viral, fungal, protozoan, and bacterial agents may be encountered. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations, illustrated by case histories, are presented in this article. Viral infections are characterized by progressive exudation and hemorrhagic necrosis in a segmental distribution corresponding to the retinal vasculature. Protozoan, fungal, and bacterial infections may demonstrate more focal lesions with greater vitreous involvement. diagnosis is established by clinical examination of body fluids. Antimicrobial drugs alone or combined with vitrectomy are effective therapy for fungal, bacterial, and protozoan infections. Antiviral drugs have yielded more disappointing results in the management of viral retinitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. Infectious diseases of the thyroid gland.Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 224 patients with thyroidal infection reported since 1900 are reviewed. Much of the prior literature on this subject has assumed that most instances of thyroiditis are infectious and that all lymphomatous thyroiditis is tuberculous. Similarly, thyroiditis occurring with syphilis was often equated with treponemal invasion of the gland. Acute bacterial thyroiditis is rapid in onset and more likely than tuberculous infection to produce fever, pain, and tenderness. Suppurative and mycobacterial infections are most common among women with preexisting thyroid disorders. mortality due to infectious thyroiditis is lower in cases covered by this review than has been previously reported. Gummatous and fungal infections of the thyroid are generally diagnosed only at biopsy or necropsy. Frequent thyroidal involvement in disseminated aspergillosis warrants careful investigation of the gland in patients with this infection. echinococcosis of the thyroid is a chronic process that is generally diagnosed only following excision.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. Recalcitrant unilateral infection associated with congenital leg hypertrophy cleared by control of hyperhidrosis.A man with congenital hypertrophy of the left leg experienced concomitant fungal and gram-negative bacterial infection of the foot on the same side. Oral antibiotic therapy failed, compromised by a post-surgical short bowel. Despite two hospitalizations for intensive care with intravenous antibiotic therapy, the infection did not clear until his plantar hyperhidrosis on the affected side was eliminated by the use of topical aluminum chloride.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. Chronic granulomatous disease: six new cases.We report six new cases of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) diagnosed at our service. The cases represent 1.1% of all primary immunodeficiencies diagnosed. Four of the children were boys and two were girls. The hereditary mechanism was X-linked in three cases and autosomal recessive in the other three. Clinical manifestations appeared before the age of 2 years in all cases; the illness appeared earlier in males, and was more severe, consisting of bacterial infections such as abscesses in the liver, lungs or skin, suppurating lymphadenitis and mastoiditis. None of the patients had osteomyelitis. The germs isolated were bacteria (staphylococcus, salmonella, serratia, pseudomonas, enterococcus) and fungi (candida, aspergillus, Trichopyton). Orientative complementary evidence was intense leukocytosis, high levels of acute phase reactants (PCR and VSG), polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and high LB ant LT4 levels. Definitive diagnosis was provided by the NBT test and chemiluminescence in all cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |