1/18. Bilateral congenital choanal atresia and absence of respiratory distress.Bilateral congenital choanal atresia is considered a lethal congenital malformation in an obligatory nasal breathing neonate. Described herein are two cases of bilateral choanal atresia associated with craniofacial anomalies who did not present respiratory distress in the neonatal period. Our first patient had a complete unilateral cleft lip which facilitated oropharyngeal respiration. The second patient presented wory distress in the neonatal period by providing an oropharyngeal airway.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = breathing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/18. Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in a patient with long face: a case report.The primary characteristics of long face patients are gummy smile and/or anterior open bite. Consequently, correction of esthetic and functional problems are especially important for long face patients. Since orthodontic therapy alone is not sufficient to solve the problem, orthognathic surgical approach is indicated for these patients. In this report, orthognathic surgical therapy of a severe long face patient with similar findings was presented. Following clinical and cephalometric examination and preoperative orthodontic therapy, a Le Fort I osteotomy, a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and vertical and horizontal reduction genioplasties were performed. Alternative surgical therapies, complications, and the effects on the upper respiratory tract are also discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.0789988650487E-5keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/18. Orthodontic treatment in handicapped children: report of four cases.Mentally and physically handicapped children show in the orofacial system motor-sensitivity disturbances and malocclusions of varying severity. These dysfunctions affect the breathing and speech ability and inhibit the food intake. Myotherapeutic exercises for strengthening of lip and tongue muscles and orthodontic treatment of the malocclusions help provide esthetic and functional improvements in these patients. The limited compliance necessitates a differentiated procedure during the diagnostic and therapeutic process and demands compromises in some cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = breathing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/18. Dental malocclusion and upper airway obstruction, an otolaryngologist's perspective.INTRODUCTION: This paper, through the presentation of eight case reports and a limited literature review, attempts to illustrate the negative effect that upper airway obstruction can have on developing dental occlusion and the positive effect that upper airway relief can have on the 'normalization' of various malocclusion patterns believed to be related to chronic obligate mouth breathing. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of airway relief (usually through tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy) on various patterns of dental malocclusion. methods: Children coming to the office of the lead author (D.J.W.) found to be obligate mouth breathers and who also had dental malocclusion had Polaroid 'bite' pictures taken at the time of their initial visit. One year or more after their surgery for upper airway relief (tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in these cases) a second 'bite' photograph was taken and compared to the first. RESULTS: In all cases selected in this study there was observed improvement in their dental occlusion within a year following surgery to improve their breathing. CONCLUSION: It is the opinion of the authors of this paper that upper airway obstruction may have a negative effect on the developing transitional dental occlusion and that eliminating the cause of upper airway obstruction can lead to 'normalization' of occlusion in such children. Further orthodontic corrective modalities may be required for optimal occlusal results.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.0005471098979keywords = breathing, upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/18. Congenital salivary gland anlage tumor of the nasopharynx.OBJECTIVE: Nasal and upper respiratory tract obstruction in the neonatal period can result from a variety of conditions, and may present with variable symptoms. In the absence of dysmorphic features or other abnormalities, causes of nasal obstruction may be difficult to differentiate on initial examination. We report an unexpected and potentially life-threatening condition arising during the work-up of this common neonatal complaint. DESIGN: Case report with literature review. RESULTS: A male neonate presented with complaints of nasal obstruction and feeding difficulties. A common diagnostic approach to neonatal nasal obstruction was performed, resulting in an unexpected and potentially life-threatening, albeit curative, result. Cannulation of the nasal cavity to rule out choanal atresia resulted in a burst of bleeding from the nose and mouth. A finger sweep of the oropharynx produced a dislodged mass lesion. pathology revealed a salivary gland anlage tumor of the nasopharynx. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of a nasopharyngeal mass lesion should be considered in neonates with nasal obstructive symptoms. It is wise to place an index finger in the oropharynx when passing catheters to rule out choanal atresia to feel a dislodged mass lesion before it can become an airway foreign body. Should passage of nasal catheters result in bleeding and/or respiratory distress, the possibility of a displaced mass lesion must be considered immediately to institute prompt intervention.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.0789988650487E-5keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/18. Early orthodontic treatment and long-term observation in a patient with Morquio syndrome.Early orthodontic treatment and long-term observation in a patient with Morquio syndrome were demonstrated. To date, there are no case reports describing orthodontic treatment in such a patient. The patient showed spaced maxillary and mandibular arches with a tongue thrust habit at age seven years eight months. She also showed a protruded upper lip, labial inclination of the upper and lower anterior teeth, and thin enamel. The tongue thrust habit disappeared after the application of a removable orthodontic appliance. The spaced dentition in the upper and lower arches improved after treatment with a fixed appliance with closing loop arch wire (0.017 x 0.025") and bands on the upper and lower molars. We did not use an edgewise appliance because of the thin enamel. The protruded upper lip and labial inclination of the upper and lower anterior teeth were also improved after treatment, but optimal intercuspation of the teeth was not achieved. However, optimal intercuspation of the teeth was achieved after long-term observation and the masticatory function was improved. It was suggested that early orthodontic treatment could improve the malocclusion in a patient with Morquio syndrome and that improvement of masticatory function could be achieved during a long-term retention period.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00036473993190292keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/18. Redirecting the growth pattern with rapid maxillary expander and chin cup treatment: changing breathing pattern from oral to nasal.AIM: This study was undertaken to assess the possibility of redirecting the growth pattern by using rapid maxillary expansion and a light-force chin cup for a short period of time, with limited patient cooperation, during the pre-growth and growth-spurt stages. methods: The study included a series of 60 patients, 24 males and 36 females from 7 to 14 years of age, with crossbite or midfacial deficiencies. Treatment involved wearing a chin cup 24 hours a day to force mouth closure during rapid maxillary expansion activation, which was 2 turns per day to rapidly expand the midpalatal suture and enhance nasal breathing. Lateral cephalograms and intraoral and facial photographs were taken 2 years before treatment, at the time of rapid maxillary expansion, 3 weeks following rapid maxillary expansion activation, 3 months after the cessation of rapid maxillary expansion activation, and 1 to 3 years post-rapid maxillary expansion activation. RESULTS: Despite the severity, the crossbite would always improve within 21 days following rapid maxillary expansion activation. The cephalograms and photographs demonstrated forward movement of the nasal bridge and maxilla, with backward rotation of the mandible. The bite depth remained nearly the same as pretreatment. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that 24 hours of light-force chin cup wear, while expanding the midpalatal suture, is the major factor to force mouth closure and enhance nasal breathing. As a result, there is advancement of the maxilla, avoidance of tongue encroachment upon the mandible, and deceleration of horizontal mandibular growth.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = breathing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/18. Dynamic MRI evaluation of tongue posture and deglutitive movements in a surgically corrected open bite.tongue thrust usually develops in the presence of anterior open bite in order to achieve anterior valve function. In the literature, tongue thrust is described both as the result and the cause of open bite. If it is an adaptation to malocclusion, then tongue posture and deglutitive tongue movements should change after treatment. In this case report, an adult who had skeletal open bite and Class II malocclusion caused by mandibular retrusion was treated surgically. The mandible was advanced in a forward and upward direction with a sagittal split osteotomy. The open bite and Class II malocclusion were corrected and an increase in the posterior airway space (PAS) was observed. Pretreatment and posttreatment dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that tongue tip was retruded behind the incisors and contact of the tongue with the palate increased. It was also determined that the anterior and middle portions descended, whereas the posterior portion was elevated at all stages. Advancement of the mandible, correction of open bite, and an increase in PAS affected not only the tongue posture and deglutitive movements, but also the breathing pattern of the patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = breathing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/18. Class I malocclusion with severe open bite skeletal pattern treatment.A case report of a Class I malocclusion with a severe skeletal open bite, excessive overjet, a high mandibular plane angle, and a forward maxillary rotation is presented. Treatment has eliminated the causative factors (i.e., mouth breathing, enamel hypoplasia of the first molars, and abnormal tongue posture and function). A normal growth pattern has been restored, ensuring a good and stable orthodontic result.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = breathing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/18. Obligate mouth breathing during exercise. Nasal and laryngeal sarcoidosis.A young black man presented with simultaneous nasal and laryngeal sarcoidosis, each uncommon entities. Despite severe upper airway obstruction and emergent tracheostomy, there was an uncharacteristic rapid response to oral steroids alone. The patient's predominant initial complaint of early mouth breathing during routine army physical training demonstrates a symptom complex and an alternate mechanism of dyspnea to consider in sarcoidosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.0000607899887keywords = breathing, upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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