1/52. Invasive infections due to Clavispora lusitaniae.Three cases of Clavispora lusitaniae invasive fungal infections are reported. All three infections appeared in cancer patients presented with fungaemia, one additionally with meningitis. Two of them were breakthrough -- they developed during therapy with conventional amphotericin b with a dose of 0.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) . All three were cured: two with intravenous fluconazol and one with an increasing dose (1 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) of amphotericin b. In one of two breakthrough cases the sensitivity of the strain to antifungals was tested against antifungal agents and showed in vitro resistance to amphotericin b (MIC 2 eta g ml(-1)).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/52. Aspergillus meningitis: diagnosis by non-culture-based microbiological methods and management.The performance of antibody detection, antigen detection, and Aspergillus genus-specific PCR for diagnosing Aspergillus meningitis was investigated with 26 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from a single patient with proven infection caused by aspergillus fumigatus. immunoglobulin g antibodies directed against Aspergillus were not detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in CSF or serum. The antigen galactomannan was detected in the CSF 45 days before a culture became positive, and Aspergillus dna was detected 4 days prior to culture. Decline of the galactomannan antigen titer in the CSF during treatment with intravenous and intraventricular amphotericin b and intravenous voriconazole corresponded with the clinical response to treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/52. Fatal biphasic brainstem and spinal leptomeningitis with cryptococcus neoformans in a non-immunocompromised child.Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most common life-threatening, invasive fungal infections of the central nervous system in patients with defective T-lymphocyte function. It is, however, unusual in children. We report on a non-immunocompromised 10-y-old boy without evidence of immunological abnormality who developed headache, vomiting, disturbances of consciousness and areflexia. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and the spinal cord revealed enlargement of the ventricles and high signal lesions in the leptomeninges at the level of the cerebral peduncles and the cervical and thoracic cord. cerebrospinal fluid analysis was positive for cryptococcus neoformans. He was treated with amphotericin b and was symptom-free within 1 wk. Despite an extended course of therapy his symptoms suddenly relapsed and he succumbed to the medical complications of cardiac and respiratory failure. central nervous system appearances at postmortem were those of cryptococcal leptomeningitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/52. serum itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole concentrations and interaction with digoxin in a case of chronic hypertrophic pachymenigitis caused by aspergillus flavus.A patient treated with itraconazole (ITCZ) under the diagnosis of aspergillus flavus-induced chronic hypertrophic pachymeningitis is presented. The reason for the successful cure of this patient was investigated by the pharmacokinetic analysis of serum levels of ITCZ. Concurrently administered digoxin was also investigated for its drug-drug interaction. The patient (a 75-year-old male) developed ophthalmopathy, and was diagnosed as having A. flavus hypertrophic pachymeningitis by pachymeninx biopsy. After admission, he was treated with FLCZ, AMPH, 5-FC and MCZ. The infection tended to subside with the AMPH administration. Since renal insufficiency was induced by AMPH and the other antifungal drugs were ineffective, daily administration of 200 mg of ITCZ was initiated, and the inflammatory signs and symptoms gradually subsided. The symptoms did not recur during the 36 months of itraconazole treatment after discharge, and it was concluded that ITCZ was effective for A. flavus hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ITCZ and OH-ITCZ as follows: ITCZ: Cmax 93.2 ng/ml, T1/2 beta 11 hours, AUC0-24 999 ng.h/ml, OH-ITCZ: Cmax 159.4 ng/ml, T1/2 beta 16. 2 hours, AUC0-24 of 1391 ng.h/ml. Both ITCZ and OH-ITCZ reached steady states seven days after administration began. The ITCZ and OH-ITCZ levels in serum collected 36 months after the initiation of administration were 452.9 ng/ml and 1233.6 ng/ml, respectively. Cmax and AUC0-24 of ITCZ and OH-ITCZ on the second day were markedly lower than those in healthy adults reported by Oguchi et al., and hypoalbuminemia observed at administration on that day was considered the most probable cause. It was assumed that the most plausible reason for a successful cure even at a low dose of ITCZ was the increase of distribution to tissue by the increase of the unbound form. digoxin was concurrently given to this patient at 0. 125 mg/day, but the blood digoxin level was not elevated. Consideration of the blood level of albumin is believed to be important for evaluating the blood concentration of ITCZ.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/52. Candida infection of cerebrospinal fluid shunt devices: report of two cases and review of the literature.Use of CSF shunt devices is a common practice in neurosurgery, and infection of the shunt is the most frequent complication. In spite of the fact that bacteria are the most widely implicated pathogens, reports of fungal infections, especially due to Candida sp., have increased in recent years. Their reported frequency ranges between 6% and 17%. Many factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Candida meningitis, such as broad spectrum antibiotics used in the treatment of a bacterial meningitis, steroids and indwelling bladder and intravenous catheters. The treatment of Candida meningitis still consists of systemic antifungal agents and removal of the shunt.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/52. Aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus in an infant due to aspergillus infection.Aqueductal stenosis is a common cause of hydrocephalus during infancy. We report on an infant born with aplasia cutis congenita at the scalp vertex and hypoplastic left heart syndrome developing systemic aspergillosis after cardiac surgery. The infant died at the age of 76 days despite systemic antimycotic therapy with a combination of flucytosine and amphotericin b. Therapy started at post-operative day 17 and was also applied intrathecally. Post-mortem examination revealed meningitis, multiple brain aspergillomas and microabscesses with focal ependymitis, focal bronchopneumonia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. One of the brain aspergillomas was located close to the aqueduct causing an aqueductal stenosis and an obstructive hydrocephalus. Histologically, aspergillus hyphae could only be detected in the aspergilloma of the aqueduct. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an aqueductal stenosis caused by an aspergilloma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/52. meningitis caused by pseudallescheria boydii treated with voriconazole.meningitis caused by pseudallescheria boydii is an uncommon infection of the CNS that usually has a poor prognosis and a difficult treatment. We describe a case of chronic meningitis caused by P. boydii in an immunocompetent host that was successfully treated with voriconazole, a new antifungal agent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/52. CNS granulomatosis in a child with chronic granulomatous disease.Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a disease in which a granulomatous process involves various organ systems and in which recurrent infections are seen. The basic defect is the absence of the granulocyte respiratory burst. CNS involvement is rare. We present a report of a child with CGD and CNS involvement, presenting with hydrocephalus. Candida was identified in the granulomata. The patient responded well to a CSF shunt and antifungal therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/52. Candida meningitis in children: report of two cases.Candida meningitis is rare in children. However reports have been increasing recently. We report two cases of meningitis caused by Candida species. The first case was a term male infant who was admitted at 14 days of age with the diagnosis of possible sepsis. He had received multiple courses of antibiotics without improvement. Later his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture grew candida tropicalis. The damage done by the infection was severe and the patient died. The second case was a 2-month old girl who was born at 34 weeks of gestation. She was admitted to the Neonatal intensive care Unit (NICU) and given antibiotics as prophylaxis. Despite this she developed recurrent episodes of fever that required multiple courses of antibiotics. After discharging her, she continued to have fever. Upon investigation, her blood and CSF grew candida albicans. She was treated and responded to therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/52. cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by a dematiaceous scopulariopsis species.This report describes a rapidly fatal case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a 33-year-old immunocompetent male. The infection presented as a single large lesion in the deep white matter of one temporal lobe, which was then removed surgically. Histologic features observed in the lobectomy specimen were characterized by perivascular sleeves of mononuclear cells accompanied by hemorrhages. These were reminiscent of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis except for the presence of rare fungal organisms and sparse multinucleated giant cells similar to those occurring in AIDS. During the four days following surgery, a large focus of cerebritis with massive invasion of fungi developed in each centrum semiovale around the ventriculostomy sites. Fungal culture of the brain obtained at autopsy grew an organism consistent with a scopulariopsis species.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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