Cases reported "Meningitis, Bacterial"

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1/12. Bacterial complications of strongyloidiasis: streptococcus bovis meningitis.

    We report the case of a 64-year-old veteran who had streptococcus bovis meningitis as a result of a long latent strongyloides infection that became acute when he was treated with prednisone. We reviewed 38 reported cases of serious bacterial infections associated with strongyloidiasis. patients most frequently had nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. Of these 38 patients, 21 (55%) had meningitis, and 28 (73%) had bacteremia that was polymicrobial in 3 cases (8%). Other sites of infection included lung, bone marrow, ascites, mitral valve, and lymph node. Most infections were due to enteric gram-negative bacteria. There is one previously reported case of S bovis meningitis. Thirty-four of the patients (89%) were immunosuppressed; 21 of these (55%) were taking pharmacologic doses of adrenal corticosteroids. Thirty-three of the 38 (87%) patients died. patients with enteric bacterial infection without an obvious cause should be tested for the presence of strongyloidiasis.
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2/12. Group C streptococcal meningitis: case report and review of the literature.

    Group C streptococci are a common cause of epidemic bacterial infection in animals. These organisms are a rare but frequently fatal cause of meningitis in humans. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with meningitis caused by a group C Streptococcus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus) successfully treated with vancomycin and third generation cephalosporins. We also review cases of group C streptococcal meningitis reported previously.
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3/12. escherichia hermannii infection of a cephalohematoma: case report, review of the literature, and description of a novel invasive pathogen.

    We describe a neonate with bacterial infection of a cephalohematoma by escherichia hermannii and with meningitis. We review the literature on infected cephalohematomas and E. hermannii and document the first case of invasive disease due to this pathogen.
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4/12. shigella sonnei meningitis due to interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 deficiency: first association with a primary immune deficiency.

    BACKGROUND: Inherited interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) deficiency is a recently described immunodeficiency associated with pyogenic bacterial infections and a poor inflammatory response. shigella sonnei is generally associated with outbreaks of rectocolitis in developed countries, but systemic illnesses have occasionally been reported. An underlying primary immunodeficiency has not been found in such cases before now. methods: We report the clinical and immunological features of a patient with IRAK-4 deficiency who has a history of systemic shigellosis in addition to other infections. RESULTS: The patient has a history of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa infections during childhood and an episode of S. sonnei septicemia and meningitis at 10 years of age. This patient's history contrasted with that of other individuals infected concurrently by the same organism. Of note, these episodes were not accompanied by acute phase responses in our patient. Subsequently, the patient has had more episodes of staphylococcal disease, but no systemic illnesses. The patient is now 30 years old and has been doing well since prophylactic antibiotic treatment was stopped 4 years ago. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of systemic shigellosis in a person with a primary immunodeficiency, expanding the spectrum of infections associated with IRAK-4 deficiency. Thus, immunity mediated by IRAK-4 seems to be crucial for both the containment of and the inflammatory response to S. sonnei infection in the intestinal mucosa. IRAK-4 deficiency and related disorders should be considered in patients with systemic shigellosis.
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5/12. Three rare cases of anthrax arising from the same source.

    anthrax is an acute bacterial infection caused by bacillus anthracis. humans become infected under natural conditions by contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. About 95% of human anthrax is cutaneous and 5% respiratory. Gastrointestinal anthrax is very rare, and has been reported in less than 1% of all cases. anthrax meningitis is a rare complication of any of the other three forms of disease. We report three rare cases of anthrax (gastrointestinal, oropharyngeal and meningitis) arising from the same source. The three patients were from a single family and were admitted with different clinical pictures after the ingestion of half-cooked meat from a sick sheep. These cases emphasize the need for awareness of anthrax in the differential diagnosis in areas where the disease remains endemic.
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6/12. Fatal klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis and emphysematous brain abscess after endoscopic variceal ligation in a patient with liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus.

    Procedure-related bacterial infections may complicate esophageal variceal ligation in cirrhosis patients. Here, we report a 58-year-old man with underlying diabetes and liver cirrhosis who developed klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis and brain abscess with gas formation in brain parenchyma and ventricles after this procedure. Despite administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, he became comatose on the 3rd day of acute illness and died on the 4th day of hospitalization. This case highlights the indication for antimicrobial prophylaxis in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, and the need for early and heightened awareness of central nervous system infections in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
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7/12. Gram-negative meningitis associated with transsphenoidal surgery: case reports and review.

    We present a systematic review of meningitis associated with transsphenoidal surgery. patients present within the first 4 days after surgery with symptoms of headache, fever, and confusion. Overt cerebrospinal rhinorrhea or nuchal rigidity at the time of presentation is an infrequent finding. Although postoperative aseptic meningitis may be difficult to distinguish from early bacterial meningitis, the findings of hypoglycorrhachia, pleocytosis, and hyperproteinemia in the setting of fever and neurological deficit strongly suggest bacterial infection. The preponderance of cases of gram-negative meningitis observed in this series and in previous reports related to posttraumatic CSF leaks indicates that empirical regimens should include agents suitable for treating infections caused by nosocomial pathogens. In general, patients with uncomplicated meningitis in this setting can be expected to recover and do well. Questions remain as to the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the development of gram-negative meningitis in the setting of transsphenoidal surgery. A multicenter trial might be better able to define this role.
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8/12. A virulent nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae.

    Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae strain INT1 was isolated from the blood of a young child with clinical signs of meningitis following acute otitis media. No immunologic or anatomic predisposition of this child for invasive bacterial infection with an unusual organism was documented. Sensitive ELISA proved the absence of intra- or extracellular capsular polysaccharide production by INT1 and Southern blot analysis confirmed the lack of an intact capsulation (cap) gene locus within the chromosome. Nevertheless, INT1 established bacteremia and meningitis in infant and weanling rat models of invasive H. influenzae infection. High-molecular-weight dna isolated from INT1 was shown to confer an invasive phenotype on transformation of a nonencapsulated, avirulent laboratory strain of H. influenzae. Together these findings imply the presence of one or more as-yet-undiscovered, noncapsular virulence factors of H. influenzae that are capable of mediating invasive disease and resistance to immunologic clearance.
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keywords = bacterial infection
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9/12. Bacterial meningitis after MMR immunisation.

    Two children developed bacterial meningitis within five days of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunisation. diagnosis was delayed because symptoms were attributed to the vaccine, although both had a raised c-reactive protein. fever or rash within five days of MMR vaccination are unlikely to be due to the vaccine and a raised c-reactive protein suggests bacterial infection.
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10/12. Hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis with spinal epidural granulomatous lesion.

    A 67-year-old woman with a one-year history of tinnitus and headache had multiple cranial nerve palsies of V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and spastic paraparesis. She also had a secretory otitis media. Gd-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hypertrophy of the dura of the posterior fossa and spinal epidural mass which extended from C7 to T10. A biopsy of the epidural mass showed chronic granulomatous change. These lesions were completely cured with administration of antibiotics. We believe this case of double-lesion of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis and spinal epidural granulomatous lesion originated from a bacterial infection secondary to the secretory otitis media.
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