Cases reported "Melanoma"

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1/1167. Epithelioid cell histiocytoma: a simulant of vascular and melanocytic neoplasms.

    Epithelioid cell histiocytoma (ECH) is an unusual and still poorly recognized variant of benign fibrous histiocytoma. Epithelioid cell histiocytoma differs from most benign fibrous histiocytomas in five important ways: the predominance of epithelioid cells, relative lack of secondary elements (such as giant cells, foamy, or hemosiderin-laden macrophages), relative sharp circumscription, prominent vascularity, and centering in the papillary dermis in most cases. A strong resemblance to melanocytic and vascular lesions has been noted, and a recent case was reported with features suggesting endothelial origin. Fifteen new cases of ECH, including one example of the rare deep cellular variant, are presented herein, with emphasis on features mimicking vascular and melanocytic neoplasms. Labeling with endothelial markers, including previously unreported CD-31 labeling, showed abundant vascular staining, which may be challenging to interpret, but which does not indicate an endothelial origin of ECH.
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2/1167. Early-onset scleral necrosis after iodine I 125 plaque radiotherapy for ciliochoroidal melanoma.

    A 62-year-old man with a large ciliochoroidal melanoma developed early-onset scleral necrosis with tumor extrusion within 1 month of epibulbar iodine I 125 plaque radiotherapy. The eye was enucleated. Pathologic study revealed nonmicrobial scleral necrosis with extrusion of histologically intact and necrotic uveal melanoma cells. The patient has been followed up for 15 months without clinical recurrence. We discuss possible mechanisms to explain the early development of scleral necrosis after plaque therapy in this patient.
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3/1167. A natural cytotoxic T cell response in a spontaneously regressing human melanoma targets a neoantigen resulting from a somatic point mutation.

    We have studied a case of human primary melanoma displaying the classical signs of a spontaneous regression in order to characterize potentially efficient anti-tumor T cell responses. In a previous series of experiments a unique TCR Vbeta16 T cell was shown to be highly expanded at the tumor site. The corresponding clone was isolated in vitro and found to be a CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte with a strong and selective cytolytic activity against the autologous tumor cell line. Here, we demonstrate that this predominant Vbeta16 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte recognizes a peptide encoded by a novel unconventional myosin class I gene. This peptide includes a mutation due to a single nucleotide substitution. The resulting Glu-->Lys replacement at position 911 of the coding sequence is critical to generate the recognized T cell epitope. These experiments demonstrate the existence of a natural tumor-specific cytolytic T cell response in a primary regressing human melanoma lesion.
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4/1167. A MAGE-6-encoded peptide is recognized by expanded lymphocytes infiltrating a spontaneously regressing human primary melanoma lesion.

    In recent years, experiments based on the in vitro stimulation of either autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with melanoma cells have shown that distinct members of the large MAGE gene family encode tumor-associated antigenic peptides. However, little is still known about natural anti-MAGE responses in vivo. We have studied a case of spontaneously regressing human melanoma, hypothesizing that in this unique situation, the host immune system had developed an efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against the cancer cells. Amongst the dense tumor infiltrate, certain clonal populations of T cells were shown to be amplified, thereby suggesting that an antigen-driven selection had occurred at the tumor site. One of the expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was shown to be a Vbeta13 CD8 CTL displaying a strong and selective cytotoxic activity against the autologous melanoma cells. Here we show that this cytotoxic T cell clone recognizes a MAGE-6-encoded peptide. MAGE-6 is therefore the fourth gene of the MAGE family shown to encode antigenic peptide recognized by T cells. Together, these data provide further evidence that T cell responses against MAGE antigens may naturally develop in vivo.
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5/1167. Microvascular reconstruction of the skull base: indications and procedures.

    PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to review the use of free tissue transfer for reconstruction of the skull base and for coverage of intracranial contents. patients AND methods: From 1990 until 1996, revascularized flaps were transferred to the skull and the skull base in 11 patients in whom intracranial/extracranial resection of tumors of the skull base was performed in cooperation with the Department of neurosurgery. The defects resulted from removal of squamous cell carcinomas (n = 4), basal cell carcinomas (n = 4), malignant melanoma, malignant schwannoma, and malignant meningioma. Defect repair was accomplished by revascularized transfer of latissimus dorsi muscle flaps in seven cases and rectus abdominis flaps and forearm flaps in two cases each. In five patients with extensive intracranial tumor spread, reconstruction was performed for palliative reasons. RESULTS: A safe soft tissue closure of the intracranial and intradural space was achieved in all patients, whereas the contour of the facial skull and the neurocranium was satisfactorily restored at the same time. By using the entire length of the grafted muscle, the vascular pedicle could be positioned next to the external carotid artery and conveniently connected to the cervical vessels. The mean survival time of the patients with palliative treatment was 8.4 months, with an average duration of hospital stay of 24.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the increased surgical effort of revascularized tissue transfer, microvascular reconstruction of large skull base defects appears to be justified, even as a palliative measure.
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6/1167. Metastatic melanoma to the skin simulating blue nevus.

    Cutaneous metastases from melanoma can mimic primary melanoma and melanocytic nevi. Recognition of a metastatic lesion is of great importance for proper staging and treatment decisions. In this study, a potential diagnostic pitfall is described and discussed: dermal metastases from cutaneous melanoma simulating blue nevus, a phenomenon that has received little attention. Ten blue nevus-like lesions from three patients are presented. All contained pigmented melanocytes and melanophages in variable proportions arranged in a blue nevus-like growth pattern. The blue nevus-like metastases occurred in the same anatomic region as the primary tumor or, as in one patient, near the skin scar of a dissected lymph node metastasis. Histologic clues of metastatic melanoma included the presence of atypical epithelioid melanocytes, mitotic figures, and an associated inflammatory cell infiltrate at the periphery of the lesion. Although such histologic features facilitate the recognition of a metastasis, clinical correlation is essential for a definitive diagnosis.
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7/1167. Iridocorneal melanoma associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis: a clinicopathologic study.

    OBJECTIVE: A clinicopathologic study of an iridocorneal melanoma associated with type 1 (peripheral) neurofibromatosis is presented. DESIGN: Case report with clinicopathologic correlation. PARTICIPANT: A 32-year-old white woman with type 1 neurofibromatosis presented with long-standing blindness of her right eye due to diffuse intrastromal brown corneal discoloration. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent penetrating keratoplasty and the corneal button was inspected. RESULTS: Histopathologic evaluation of the corneal button after penetrating keratoplasty revealed an intrastromal mixed-type malignant melanoma, which stained positively with HMB-45 and S-100 protein and spared the corneal epithelium and limbus. The corneal graft remained transparent, with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/30. Twenty-two months after surgery, the tumor involved the anterior chamber angle and the iris. Three years later, it caused refractory glaucoma necessitating enucleation. The iris tumor did not extend beyond the iris-lens diaphragm and showed the same cytologic features as the corneal stromal tumor. CONCLUSION: To our best knowledge, this is the first report of iridocorneal melanoma associated with peripheral neurofibromatosis. The location of the tumor in the deep corneal stroma, without initial macroscopic involvement of the angle or iris, may suggest that the corneal portion of the tumor may have developed "in situ" rather than as an extension of iris melanoma. The common origin of melanoma cells and schwann cells from the neural crest and the proliferation of the schwann cells in neurofibromatosis provides additional support for this hypothesis.
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8/1167. Papillary formations in metastatic melanoma.

    Cytomorphologic features of melanoma can be extremely variable, in that they can mimic other poorly differentiated neoplasms. Ten cases of metastatic melanoma with distinct, cohesive, papillary tissue fragments observed in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens are reported. These papillary fragments exhibited a central fibrovascular core with attached tumor cells, in a background of single scattered malignant cells, macrophages, and focal necrosis. The aspiration sites included regional or distant palpable lymph nodes, pancreas, bone, and skin. Nine cases had a histologic diagnosis of primary cutaneous melanoma, and in one case the primary skin tumor was detected after the diagnosis was established by FNA of the metastasis. Immunohistochemical studies (S-100 protein, HMB-45 antigen, and factor viii) were performed in four cases, and electron microscopy in one, confirming the diagnosis of melanoma. An awareness of this cytomorphologic variation of papillary formations in cytology preparations from metastatic melanoma is important and can prevent potential inaccurate interpretation.
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9/1167. A case of a malignant melanoma with late metastases 16 years after the initial surgery.

    We report a case of a pulmonary metastasis 16 years after the initial surgery for a malignant melanoma. The patient was a 58-year-old Japanese man. In 1976, he had a pigmented skin lesion with a diameter of 8 mm on his right third finger. He received an amputation of the finger and a dissection of the right axillary. Histological examinations of the tumor revealed a feature of a malignant melanoma with infiltration of the papillary layers of the dermis, 1.5 mm in thickness. The histological subtype was considered to be an acral lentiginous melanoma with a mixed spindle-epithelioid cell pattern. There was no regional lymph node metastasis. In December 1992, when he was 74-years-old, a round tumor in the left lower lung was discovered by chest radiography. In February 1993, he received a left lower lobectomy of the lung. Histological examination revealed a feature of a malignant melanoma with predominantly epithelioid cells and this was considered to be a metastasis from the initial skin lesion. Five months after the lobectomy, he died from a hemorrhage of a metastatic brain tumor. This case indicated the importance of periodic, life-long follow-up in treating malignant melanomas.
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keywords = spindle, cell
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10/1167. Primary melanocytoma arising from the thoracic leptomeninges case.

    Primary melanocytoma arising from the leptomeninges of the spinal cord is very rare. A surgical specimen of a thoracic meningeal tumor was resected from a 75-year-old woman complaining of gait disturbance was investigated. magnetic resonance imaging and myelography showed a dumb-bell-type tumor in the subdural space at the 1st to 2nd thoracic vertebrae. The tumor was subtotally resected because of adhesion to the lamina and thoracic medulla. The localized, gelatinous black tumor showed a well-defined margin without dissemination or infiltration. The tumor had a thin capsule and was composed of solid proliferation of neoplastic melanocytes. Neither whorl formation nor foci of palisaded nuclei were observed. The neoplastic cells were of two major types: an epithelioid- or polygonal-shaped type and a spindle-shaped type, and had a large nucleus, a prominent nucleolus, coarse chromatin, and melanin-pigments in their cytoplasm. Only a few mitotic figures were observed. They were positive for HMB-45 and S-100 protein. This case was considered to be primary melanocytoma arising from the thoracic leptomeninges.
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