1/18. Herpesvirus 8 inclusions in primary effusion lymphoma: report of a unique case with T-cell phenotype.We describe a case of primary effusion lymphoma with T-cell phenotype, mixed genotype, and intranuclear herpesvirus inclusions visible with the light microscope. cells were studied by immunohistochemical analysis, in situ hybridization, immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement, and polymerase chain reaction. Primary effusion lymphoma cells with T-cell phenotype revealed herpesvirus 8 inclusions predominantly seen in apoptotic cells, suggesting that productive viral infection is associated with cell death. Clinical features were typical of primary effusion lymphoma. Cytologic, molecular genetic, and phenotypic features demonstrated a unique variant of primary effusion lymphoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/18. Establishing and characterizing a CD30-positive cell line harboring HHV-8 from a primary effusion lymphoma.Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL, or body-cavity-based lymphoma [BCBL]) is a new subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in which tumor cells locate in the body cavity exclusively. PEL/BCBL is widely accepted as one of the neoplastic complications of AIDS, associated mostly with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8/Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [KSHV]) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We established and characterized a PEL cell line named TY-1 from a 47-year-old patient with AIDS. TY-1 exhibits indeterminate immunophenotype, expressing CD45 and CD30 cell surface antigens but not expressing B- or T-cell markers. cytogenetic analysis revealed the representative karyotype of 50,XYq-, 7, 8, 11, 15. Southern blot analysis demonstrated HHV-8 and EBV genomes in the original tumor cells obtained from the pericardial effusion, while HHV-8 but not EBV was detected in TY-1 using PCR or Southern blot analysis. Tetradecanylphorbol acetate treatment induced some TY-1 cells to proceed to the reproductive phase. This cell line may be an useful tool for research on PEL and HHV-8.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/18. Manifestations of three HHV-8-related diseases in an hiv-negative patient: immunoblastic variant multicentric Castleman's disease, primary effusion lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma.We describe a 73-year-old hiv negative patient who presented with symptomatic hypoglycemia. Over the course of several months she was diagnosed with three human herpesvirus-8 related diseases: multicentric Castleman's disease, primary effusion lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. No improvement was observed following cytotoxic therapy and she died 16 months after her initial presentation. The etiology of the hypoglycemia remained obscure over the course of this patient's disease. This case is the first report of a patient with three human herpesvirus-8 related diseases, and the first report of severe hypoglycemia as the presenting symptom of any of these diseases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/18. CD7 and CD56-positive primary effusion lymphoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative host.Primary effusion lymphoma is an entity with distinctive features. The majority of cases are diagnosed in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. We report a case of pleural-based primary effusion lymphoma in an elderly patient negative for human immunodeficiency virus. By flow cytometry, lymphoma cells expressed CD7, CD38, CD45, CD56, HLA-DR, and kappa surface light chains. A monoclonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain and the presence of human herpesvirus 8 genome were detected. Our case lacked CD30 or CD138 with expression of surface light chains. There was strong expression of CD7 and CD56. These findings are unusual or unique in primary effusion lymphoma. Our report suggests that aberrant expression of T cell and natural killer cell markers can be seen in primary effusion lymphoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/18. AIDS-related body cavity-based lymphoma. A case report.BACKGROUND: Body cavity-based lymphomas are rare malignancies in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, but because of their unusual clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic features, they are recognized as a distinct subgroup of lymphomas connected to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection. CASE: A 39-year-old, hiv-positive, homosexual man was admitted to the hospital because of a left-sided pleural effusion that contained malignant lymphoid cells. He responded partially to a low-dose cyclophosphamide/doxorubycin/vincristine/prednisone regimen and died five months after the diagnosis of lymphoma. On cytology, the sediments contained exclusively large, round, neoplastic, lymphoid cells with abundant basophilic cytoplasm and large, round nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Many cells had immunoblastic features, and some had plasmocytoid differentiation. Mitotic figures were numerous. On flow cytometry, the homogeneous population of large cells expressed CD45, CD38, HLA-DR and CD7 positivity. Other specific T-, B- and NK-cell markers tested negative. polymerase chain reaction demonstrated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HHV-8 in the malignant effusion. CONCLUSION: Primary effusion from lymphoma with molecular evidence of HHV-8 and EBV coinfection represents a distinct clinical and morphologic entity in AIDS patients. However, immunophenotypic markers of malignant clones can be diverse in different cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/18. Human herpesvirus-8-positive body cavity-based lymphoma involving the atria of the heart: a case report.We describe an unusual case of a body cavity-based lymphoma, otherwise termed primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), involving the atria of the heart of an hiv-seropositive patient. This is the first reported case of the involvement of the heart by this rare lymphoma. This hiv-related lymphoma represents a distinct B-cell malignancy associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection. It is characterized by involvement of body cavities, with infrequent evidence of organ or bone marrow infiltration. The tumor cells are large, nucleolated with an immunoblastic or anaplastic appearance, positive for activation markers, such as CD30, and negative for B-cell and T-cell immunophenotypic markers. Integration of HHV-8 dna sequences is considered the hallmark of PEL. The tumor demonstrates frequent association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and uniform absence of c-myc oncogene rearrangement, unlike most other hiv-related lymphomas.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/18. A computational analysis of Canale-Smith syndrome: chronic lymphadenopathy simulating malignant lymphoma.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to simulate changes in the human T cell system representing Canale-Smith syndrome using a dynamic computer model of T cell development and comparing with available human data. STUDY DESIGN: Physiological stepwise maturation and function of T lymphocytes in the computer model is altered by introducing functional disturbances following lymphotropic virus infection. In the present model, acute and chronic persistent infection with the human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) was simulated, and ensuing changes in T cell populations were compared with those measured in human patients. RESULTS: Using our computer model we previously found that simulated acute HHV-6 infection produced T cell computer data, which resembled an infectious mononucleosis-like disease in patients. Simulated chronic persistent infection, instead, resulted in variable cell changes comparing well to patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. In one setting, however, persistent immature lymphocytosis was observed similar to what initial has been described in this journal as Canale-Smith syndrome. CONCLUSION: Using a computer model developed by us we were able to produce simulations that resemble the immune system features of Canale-Smith syndrome. Further understanding of these simulation results may possibly guide future investigations into this disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/18. microdissection combined with the polymerase chain reaction to identify potentiating viral co-infection in patients with hiv/AIDS with ocular infection.BACKGROUND: In the presence of several coexisting infections, superimposed tissue necrosis or tissue metaplasia, it may be difficult to recognize standard histologic morphology on hematoxylin-eosin slides. Tissue microdissection combined with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR-MD) offers the advantages of high specificity and relative speed. The objective of this study was to describe the use of PCR-MD in identifying potentiating viral co-infection in patients with hiv/AIDS with retinitis and choroiditis. methods: Eyes from two patients with hiv/AIDS with several ocular infections were studied by a variety of techniques, including standard histologic examination, immunochemistry, electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. PCR-MD was used to identify coexisting viral infections. RESULTS: Histologic examination showed cytomegalovirus retinitis in both cases. Use of PCR-MD allowed the identification of Epstein-Barr virus within a zone of fulminant varicella-zoster virus retinitis in one patient. PCR-MD confirmed the presence of human herpesvirus 8 in the second patient, who had ocular lymphoma. INTERPRETATION: PCR-MD can be used to demonstrate coexisting viral infection in ocular specimens from patients with unusually fulminant courses. Co-infections may contribute to the observed clinical course and should be considered in patients with rapid progression or unusual presentation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/18. Natural killer cell-type body cavity lymphoma following chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.We describe a 69-year-old female who developed natural killer cell-type body cavity lymphoma following chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection. Examination of the patient's pleural effusion revealed large abnormal lymphocytes, which were CD2( ), CD7( ), CD30( ), CD56( ), CD3(-), and CD4(-). No rearrangement of T cell receptor genes was detected. Clonal proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells in pleural effusion was demonstrated by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Human herpesvirus type-8 (HHV-8) dna was not detected in these cells. The patient achieved a complete remission with combination chemotherapy. Prior to the clinical onset of lymphoma, high fever of unknown origin had persisted for 21 months. IgG antibodies to EBV-viral capsid antigen and to EBV-early antigens, types D and R were not high (1:160 and less than 1:10, respectively). Two months after the onset of fever, however, retrospective quantitative PCR assay revealed a high EBV dna load in plasma, indicating that CAEBV infection had been the cause of the patient's recurrent fever. The remarkable features of this case are (i) the development of lymphoma following CAEBV infection that demonstrated a normal pattern of EBV-specific antibodies, (ii) the development of HHV-8-negative body cavity lymphoma, and (iii) the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/18. Primary effusion lymphoma. A case report.BACKGROUND: Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare type of lymphoma that presents as an effusion, seldom with evidence of a solid neoplasm elsewhere; thus, cytology is the basic diagnostic method. It usually occurs in hiv-positive males with a history of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and dna sequences of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) are detected by molecular analysis. The distinct morphologic, immunophenotypic, molecular and clinical characteristics render this neoplasm a new pathologic entity. CASE: A 57-year-old, hiv-positive man presented to the hospital with ascites and absence of neoplasm on radiologic investigation. Cytologic evaluation of the ascitic fluid revealed the presence of highly atypical, pleomorphic lymphoid cells. Immunocytochemistry of the lymphoma cells was positive for CD45 (leukocyte common antigen), CD30 and epithelial membrane antigen antigens and negative for panB, panT and cytokeratin antigens. dna sequences of HHV-8 were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and dna ploidy analysis showed aneuploidy. The patient died 5 months after the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Conventional and ThinPrep (Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, massachusetts, U.S.A.) cytology, in combination with immunocytochemistry and PCR for HHV-8 dna sequences, can lead to an accurate diagnosis of PEL. dna ploidy analysis confirms the aggressive nature of this neoplasm.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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