1/12. association of body cavity-based lymphoma and human herpesvirus 8 in an hiv-seronegative male. Report of a case with immunocytochemical and molecular studies.BACKGROUND: Recently lymphomas arising primarily in serosal surfaces have been found in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but they very rarely seem to occur in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative patients. Studies on a subset of these lymphomas suggested that they represent a distinct entity associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). CASE: An 83-year-old, hiv-negative male was admitted to the hospital with a massive pleural effusion. Abdominal and chest computed tomographic scanning was normal. Cytologic analysis of the pleural effusion revealed a large cell, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. polymerase chain reaction analyses on genomic dna from the pleural effusion demonstrated the presence of HHV-8 sequences in the absence of Epstein-Barr virus. CONCLUSION: It is possible and advantageous to diagnose body cavity-based lymphoma with a combination of cytologic, immunocytochemical and molecular studies of the pleural effusion in conjunction with clinical and radiographic information.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/12. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) in hiv-negative patients--a distinct clinical entity.Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a recently described rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurring almost exclusively in hiv infected people. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), has been linked with PEL, and a causative relationship has been suggested. In the vast majority of PEL cases Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been found in the tumour cells. We describe here an elderly human immune deficiency (hiv) seronegative man with intractable chest pain and pleural effusion. The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was suggested cytologically and confirmed histologically following pleural biopsy. No lymphadenopathy or organ involvement with lymphoma was found. Systemic chemotherapy with a modified CHOP regimen with G-CSF support gradually led to the resolution of the chest pain and ultimately resulted in a complete clinical remission (CCR). The presence of HHV-8 was demonstrated by PCR using paraffin-embedded tissue samples from the involved pleura, whereas EBV-associated genetic material was absent. The patient remained in CCR for 18 months and died of an unrelated cause (cerebrovascular event). Only 11 other cases with clinical and virological features similar to those of our patient have been reported in the literature. Analysis of these rare cases suggests hiv-negative EBV-negative PEL to be a distinct clinical entity with epidemiological features resembling classical KS and supports an EBV-independent role for HHV-8 in the pathogenesis of PEL.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/12. Human herpesvirus type 8-associated primary lymphomatous effusion in an elderly hiv-negative patient: clinical and molecular characterization.Primary lymphomatous effusions are defined as lymphomas presenting in the serous body cavities in the absence of clinically identifiable tumor masses. Recently, a peculiar type of primary lymphomatous effusion associated with tumor clone infection by human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) and preferentially arising in hiv-positive patients has been described and termed as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). This report describes a case of PEL which has developed in a hiv-negative, 92-year-old man with longstanding Mediterranean Kaposi's sarcoma, a disease also associated with HHV-8 infection. The patient presented with pleural and ascitic effusions in the absence of solid masses within the lungs, mediastinum, thoracic wall or abdominal cavity. The effusions consisted of malignant lymphocytes with morphologic features bridging immunoblastic and anaplastic cells. Immunophenotypic studies revealed that the lymphoma population expressed an antigenic profile consistent with PEL, i.e. the absence of common B- and T-cell markers (non-B, non-T phenotype) coupled to CD138 positivity. Molecular analysis demonstrated infection of the tumor clone by HHV-8 as well as monoclonally rearranged immunoglobulin genes, consistent with a B-cell histogenesis of the lymphoma. In addition, this PEL case harbored PAX-5 gene mutations, which have been recently demonstrated as a key feature of the proto-oncogene hypermutation process involved in the pathogenesis of some lymphoma types. Following two courses of etoposide and prednisone, a partial remission was achieved. The patient died of liver failure 3 months after the diagnosis of PEL. overall, this case report illustrates the need for an integrated diagnostic approach based on clinical features, morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular genetics to primary lymphomatous effusions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/12. Multicentric Castleman's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma: a rare simultaneous occurrence.A rare simultaneous occurrence of multicentric Castleman's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma was diagnosed in a 70-year-old man who presented with fever, polyarthralgia, weight loss, vascular purpura, anemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. He had no risk of hiv infection and serological tests for hiv were negative twice, but a low number of T-cells and a reversed CD4/CD8 ratio were observed. During hospitalization, he developed Kaposi's sarcoma at the right sole. Lymph node biopsies revealed multicentric Castleman's disease together with a large B-cell lymphoma, which showed monotypic IgM-lambda lymphocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which systemic manifestations of all three diseases occurred simultaneously prior to any specific treatment. The altered immune status and human herpesvirus-8 infection might have played a role in the pathogenesis of this occurrence.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/12. hiv-associated primary body-cavity-based lymphoma: clinico-biologic features in three patients diagnosed at the same institution.Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a recently individualized form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (WHO classification) that mainly develops in hiv infected males, more frequently in homosexuals and advanced stages of the disease (total CD4 lymphocyte count below 100-200/mL). Occasionally, it appears in others immunodepressive states (such as solid organs postransplant period) and even, although very rarelly, in immunocompetents patients. From a pathogenetic point of view, PEL has been related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (also named human herpesvirus 8) and to the clinical antecedent of Kaposis sarcoma. Relative unfrequency of this disease, the absence of wide casuistics allowing a better characterization, and its unfavorable outcome, support the need of a deeper knowledge. We present here the clinical-biological findings of three patients that were diagnosed of pleural PEL in our institution in the last two years.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/12. Human herpesvirus-6 in human lymphomas: identification of specific sequences in Hodgkin's lymphomas by polymerase chain reaction.In search of a possible involvement of the human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) in human Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, we studied the levels of anti-HHV-6 antibodies in the sera of 94 cases by an immunofluorescence assay, as well as the presence of HHV-6 sequences in the affected tissues of 66 cases by polymerase chain reaction, using one set of primer oligonucleotides. Our results showed higher anti-HHV-6 antibody titers in human lymphomas than in normal blood donors, but the difference is statistically significant only when normal donors are compared with Hodgkin's lymphoma cases. HHV-6 sequences were detected in 3 of 25 Hodgkin's lymphomas and 0 of the 41 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas studied. The three cases positive for HHV-6 sequences belong to the nodular sclerosis-lymphocyte depletion histologic subtype and share remarkable similarities in their clinical features. Furthermore, Southern blot analysis of total genomic dna obtained from the neoplastic tissues of two of the three patients showed the same restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results suggest that: (1) the high level of anti-HHV-6 antibodies in Hodgkin's disease is due to an activation of the immune system not related to the presence of HHV-6 sequences in affected lymph nodes; (2) the presence of HHV-6 sequences in human lymphoid tissues is not a frequent event, rather it is in fact a very rare event in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, while in Hodgkin's cases it is more frequent than previously reported on the basis of Southern blot analysis; and (3) the presence of HHV-6 sequences in Hodgkin's lymphomas may have a relation with the clinical presentation of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/12. Identification of human herpesvirus 6-specific dna sequences in two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a recently discovered virus which has not been causally linked to any particular disease. In order to investigate the possible role of this virus in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies, we examined tissue samples from 117 patients for the presence of HHV-6-specific dna sequences. Two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were found to be positive. One patient had a T cell lymphoma and a preceding history of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy; the other had a B cell lymphoma occurring in the context of sjogren's syndrome. HHV-6 has been isolated previously from a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and viral sequences have been identified in another patient with sjogren's syndrome and B cell lymphoma. The relationship between HHV-6 and these conditions therefore warrants further investigation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/12. acyclovir therapy in patients with malignant disease and disseminated herpes zoster.acyclovir is a new antiviral agent which is active in vitro and in vivo against a variety of herpesviruses. Two cases are reported in which intravenous administration of acyclovir arrested the progress of disseminated herpes zoster within 24 to 48 hours after the beginning of therapy. There was no evidence of toxicity. Thus, acyclovir appears to be useful in the therapy of herpes zoster, but this requires evaluation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/12. hepatitis c virus within a malignant lymphoma lesion in the course of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia.hepatitis c virus (HCV) has been implicated as the major etiologic factor sustaining B-cell clonal expansion in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). A putative pathogenetic role of HCV in the development of MC-associated B-cell malignancies has also been speculated. We report for the first time the localization of HCV within a parotid non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) lesion in the course of HCV-related type II essential MC, an important step to implicate any infectious agent in the lymphomagenesis. Plus and minus strand HCV rna was first demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction on the whole rna from the lesion. Further immunohistochemical studies localized HCV c22 proteins in the residual ductal or acinar parotid structures, which also abnormally expressed hla-dr antigens. Weak c22 signals were inconstantly detected in cells strictly confined around the residual epithelium, while all the remaining infiltrating cells in the parotid lesion stained c-22-negative. Staining for c33 and c100 HCV antigens was negative. in situ hybridization (ISH) studies again identified the residual parotid epithelial cells as the site of HCV infection and replication in the NHL lesion. Sialotropic viruses previously involved in lymphoproliferation, ie, Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus-6, were absent in the same tissue lesion. According to the current models of B-cell lymphomagenesis, a role of HCV as an exogenous antigenic stimulus should be considered for NHL development in the present case, whereas malignant B cells do not appear permissive of active HCV replication. Further efforts would be worthwhile to clarify a role of HCV infection in the development of some B-cell malignancies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/12. microsatellite instability in KSHV/HHV-8 positive body-cavity-based lymphoma.Body-cavity-based lymphoma (BCBL) is a rare non-Hodgkin-'s lymphoma (NHL) type growing in liquid phase in the body cavities. Virtually all BCBL associate with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus type-8 infection in the absence of molecular alterations typical of other NHL categories. Microsatellite instability (MSI), a specific variant of genomic instability frequently associated with human cancers, has not been tested in BCBL thus far. In this report, we have analyzed the presence of MSI in the tumor cells of a male patient affected by AIDS-related BCBL. The genomic configuration of 12 distinct microsatellite loci was investigated by polymerase chain reaction amplification of dna obtained from the patient's tumor cells and from autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. MSI was observed at 4/12 microsatellite repeats tested. Absence of the germline allele at one microsatellite locus mapping to chromosome X indicates that, in this BCBL case, MSI represents a clonal genetic lesion affecting virtually all tumor cells. These data suggest that MSI may be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related BCBL.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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