1/22. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-positive primary effusion lymphoma arising in the subarachnoid space.Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare and distinctive type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that occurs primarily, although not exclusively, in patients with AIDS. It usually develops as a lymphomatous effusion in the absence of a tumor mass, characteristically contains the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV-8), usually also contains the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), displays a characteristic cytomorphology bridging immunoblastic and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, often expresses an indeterminate immunophenotype, and a B-cell genotype. Thus far, PEL has been limited almost entirely to the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities. We describe a NHL occurring in a gay man with AIDS that is typical of PEL in that it arose in a body cavity or space without an associated tumor mass, displays the cytomorphology typical of PEL, is a clonal B-cell neoplasm, and contains KSHV as well as EBV. This case is singularly distinctive in that it is the first case of PEL reported to arise in the subarachnoid space. This unique case further supports the strong association between KSHV and malignant lymphoma arising in body cavities and growing as an effusion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/22. Expression of potentially oncogenic HHV-8 genes in an EBV-negative primary effusion lymphoma occurring in an HIV-seronegative patient.Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a novel lymphoproliferative disorder associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection. Most PELs develop in HIV-seropositive individuals and are nearly always positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a finding which obscures the role of HHV-8 in lymphomagenesis. However, rare EBV-negative PEL cases occurring in HIV-seronegative patients have been reported, suggesting that HHV-8 may be pathogenetic by itself. To investigate whether HHV-8 may contribute to PEL development in the absence of EBV, the expression of seven potentially oncogenic HHV-8 open reading frames (ORFs) (ORF72/viral cyclin d, ORF16/viral bcl-2, ORF74/viral G-protein coupled receptor, ORFK2/viral IL-6, ORFK13/viral FLICE inhibitory protein, ORFK9/viral interferon regulatory factor, and ORFK1, equivalent to the gene encoding herpesvirus saimiri transforming protein) was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in an EBV-negative PEL presenting in an HIV-negative patient. rna transcripts were demonstrated for the seven HHV-8 genes, and this was confirmed by hybridization to specific oligonucleotide probes. The expression of potentially oncogenic HHV-8 genes in this HIV-, EBV-negative PEL case suggests that HHV-8 may induce malignant transformation of b-lymphocytes through different molecular pathways in the absence of EBV infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/22. Early peripheral lymph node involvement of human herpesvirus 8-associated, body cavity-based lymphoma in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient.Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), or Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, is a gamma herpesvirus first detected in a specimen of Kaposi sarcoma from a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient. Human herpesvirus 8 is also found in an unusual clinicopathologic form of body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma, which has been named primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and occurs primarily in HIV-positive patients. PEL is characterized by the formation of lymphomatous effusions, without obvious lymphadenopathy, tumor masses, or bone marrow involvement. Only a few cases of PEL in HIV-seronegative patients have been reported. We describe a case of an HHV-8-associated lymphoma, with ascites, pleural effusion, and axillary lymphadenopathy in an HIV-negative patient. The patient was a 68-year-old Jewish man of North African extraction, with a previous history of coronary bypass surgery and multiple blood transfusions. The pleural fluid contained large atypical lymphoid cells and was suggestive of lymphoma but could not provide a conclusive diagnosis of PEL. The lymph node contained groups of large anaplastic lymphoid cells. polymerase chain reaction for HHV-8 performed on the lymph node specimen was positive, establishing the diagnosis of PEL. polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr virus was negative. Results of a gallium scan were normal. The patient did not respond to combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine sulfate, and prednisone and progressively developed, massive intra-abdominal solid tumor formation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of PEL that demonstrates peripheral lymph node involvement at diagnosis and the first report of PEL in an Israeli patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3333333333333keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/22. CD138-positive and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-negative B-cell lymphoma with serosal spreading of the body cavity and lymphadenopathy: an autopsy case.CD138-positive and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV)-negative B cell lymphoma with serosal spreading of the body cavity and lymphadenopathy is presented. Our lymphoma cells showed pleomorphic morphology and a clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. Immunophenotypically, they lacked B- and T-cell-associated antigens but expressed strong membranous CD138 antigen along the serosa. Although our case was not conventional primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) because of the absence of KSHV and the presence of lymphadenopathy, its unique phenotype and serosal spreading were consistent with those of PEL. Our case suggests that, irrespective of KSHV infection, some pleomorphic B cell lymphomas with membranous CD138 expression show a peculiar serosal spreading.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/22. Clinicopathological characterization of an hiv-2-infected individual with two clonally unrelated primary lymphomas.Human immunodeficiency virus 2 (hiv-2) is endemic in West africa and is a causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Only a small number of hiv-2-infected patients have been described in detail. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the second most common neoplasm occurring in hiv-1-infected patients, but its incidence seems to be lower in hiv-2-infected individuals. We report an hiv-2-infected patient from cape verde (West africa) with separate and distinct systemic and primary central nervous system large B-cell lymphomas and review the findings of cases of hiv-2-associated lymphomas reported in the literature. Different clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene could be detected in the two lymphomas of our patient by polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. These data indicate the presence of two clonally unrelated large B-cell lymphomas in the same patient, which is an unusual finding. Neither Epstein-Barr virus nor human herpesvirus 8 could be detected in the tumor tissues or the cerebrospinal fluid. hiv-2 infection should be considered in patients with NHL, especially in those from West africa.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/22. Expression profile of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in pyothorax associated lymphoma and in effusion lymphoma.AIMS: Pyothorax associated lymphoma (PAL) occurs in a clinical setting of longstanding pyothorax or chronic inflammation of the pleura. Like primary effusion lymphoma, it has an association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and is confined to the pleural cavity, but has differing morphological and phenotypic features. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been consistently reported in primary effusion lymphoma. This study examines the immunophenotype of two European cases of PAL, investigates the presence of HHV-8 and its expression profile, and assesses whether PAL is similar to other effusion lymphomas. methods: Material was obtained from two European cases of PAL. Immunocytochemical analysis was performed using antibodies against CD45, CD20, CD79a, CD45RAA, CD3, CD43, CD45RO (UCHL1), CD30, BCL-2, CD68, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), BCL-6, p53, Ki-67, kappa light chain, lambda light chain, and the EBV antigens latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) and EBV encoded nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2). The cases were examined for HHV-8 by means of polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridisation (PCR-ISH), solution phase PCR, in situ hybridisation (ISH), and real time quantitative TaqMan PCR to HHV-8 open reading frame 26 (ORF-26) and viral (v) cyclin encoding regions. The expression profile of HHV-8 in PAL and in BC-1 and BC-3 cells was assessed by rna TaqMan PCR to the HHV-8 genes encoding v-cyclin, v-IL-6, and G protein coupled receptor (GPCR). RESULTS: Both cases expressed CD24, CD20, CD79a, BCL-2, light chain restriction, and high Ki-67 staining. EBV was identified by EBER-ISH in one case. HHV-8 was not identified by solution phase PCR, but was detected by PCR-ISH (sensitivity of 1 viral genome copy/cell) in 35% of the cells and by TaqMan PCR, which showed 50-100 HHV-8 copies/2,000 cell genome equivalents (sensitivity of 1 viral genome in 10(6) contaminating sequences). HHV-8 v-IL-6, v-cyclin, and GPCR encoded transcripts were identified using rna TaqMan PCR. v-IL-6 was high in PAL and in BC-1 and BC-3 cells. CONCLUSION: The presence of HHV-8 in one of two patients with PAL raises interesting questions in relation to the pathobiology of the condition. Clearly, the results indicate that HHV-8 is not an obligate pathogen, necessary for the effusion phenotype, but might contribute to it by its secretion of specific cytokines.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/22. Primary effusion lymphoma in an HIV-negative patient with no serologic evidence of Kaposi's sarcoma virus.Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a newly described high-grade B cell lymphoma which develops in association with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. We hereby describe a very unusual presentation of PEL that developed in the abdominal cavity of an HIV negative, KSV negative patient with a 1-year history of refractory ascites due to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis. Possible factors aiding lymphomagenesis in the cirrhotic state are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/22. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment of human herpesvirus 8-associated, body cavity-based lymphoma with an unusual phenotype in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient.Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, is a gammaherpesvirus first detected in Kaposi's sarcoma tumor cells and subsequently in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) tumor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PEL patients. PEL has been recognized as an individual nosologic entity based on its distinctive features and consistent association with HHV-8 infection. PEL is an unusual form of body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma (BCBL). It occurs predominantly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients but occasionally also in elderly HIV-negative patients. We describe a case of PEL, with ascites, bilateral pleural effusions, and a small axillary lymphadenopathy, in a 72-year-old HIV-negative man. PCR performed on a lymph node specimen and in liquid effusion was positive for HHV-8 and negative for Epstein-Barr virus. The immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells was B CD19 CD20 CD22 with coexpression of CD10 and CD23 and with clonal kappa light chain rearrangement. The patient was treated with Rituximab, a chimeric (human-mouse) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Thirteen months later, the patient continued in clinical remission. This is the first report of an HHV-8-associated BCBL in an HIV-negative patient in argentina.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/22. Establishment and characterization of a Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus- and Epstein-Barr virus-negative malignant lymphoma cell line (OHK) with primary effusion lymphoma immunophenotype.A novel cell line, designated OHK, was established from ascites of a 59-year-old Japanese woman with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma showing a peculiar serosal tropism, as seen in primary effusion lymphomas (PEL). OHK exhibited a large pleomorphic morphology with irregular nuclei and distinct nucleoli, and included immunoblastic and Reed-Sternberg-like giant cells. On ultrastructural examination, rich intermediate filaments, and well-developed Golgi apparati and rough endoplasmic reticulum, were seen. Immunophenotypically, OHK lacked T and B cell-associated antigens, and had CD10, CD30, CD33 and CD138 antigens. Although OHK cells did not express immunoglobulin (Ig) protein, Southern blot analysis demonstrated clonal rearrangements of Ig heavy and light chain genes. These observations suggest that OHK cells are derived from preterminally differentiated B cells, and that they have features of PEL. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus were not detected. OHK displayed hyperploid karyotypes with multiple structural abnormalities, and produced some cytokines such as macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte-CSF, interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor beta 1. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whose stimulation of vascular permeability is thought to be critical to the pathogenesis of PEL, was also produced in large quantities. These results indicate that OHK may be a useful tool for the investigation of PEL.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/22. Induction of human herpesvirus 8 gene expression in a posttransplantation primary effusion lymphoma cell line.Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus) is a gamma herpesvirus that is most likely the etiologic agent of both Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a rare HIV-associated lymphoma. The role of HHV-8 in post-transplant lymphoma is less well characterized. We demonstrate that HHV-8 is constitutively present in LH5-21 cells, an atypical patient derived posttransplant PEL cell line. LH5-21 cells lack detectable Epstein-Barr virus, express T cell-associated surface markers and have undergone immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. Incubation with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol- 13-acetate or butyrate induces high levels of several HHV-8 encoded genes that are associated with lytic replication. The patient from whom this cell line was derived demonstrated a dramatic clinical response to withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy. While HHV-8 associated PELs in the post-transplant setting are rare, this study suggests that improvement in the host immunologic function might help in the management of some PELs.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1666666666667keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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