Cases reported "Laryngeal Diseases"

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1/146. Neonatal stridor in association with herpes simplex infection of the larynx.

    herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the neonatal period may be confined to the eyes, skin and upper aerodigestive tract or may be widely disseminated to other organs, with particular recognition of involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) causing herpes encephalitis (Whitley et al., 1980a, b; Andersen, 1987). Primary laryngeal HSV infection is extremely uncommon. We present a case of acute neonatal stridor secondary to such localized disease and discuss its management.
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ranking = 1
keywords = upper
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2/146. A new role for magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of laryngeal relapsing polychondritis.

    BACKGROUND: Relapsing polychondritis involving the upper airway is a rare cause of airflow obstruction and hoarseness. The diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis depends on clinical signs, characteristic findings on cartilage biopsy, and response to treatment. Delays in diagnosis and treatment can increase the morbidity and mortality of the disease. methods: We present a case report of primary laryngeal relapsing polychondritis. RESULTS: Serologic testing, direct laryngoscopy, and endoscopic biopsy could not establish the diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination demonstrated findings consistent with the histopathological diagnosis obtained on open biopsy. Follow-up MRI after treatment showed resolution of the initial findings. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the usefulness of MRI in the diagnosis and management of relapsing polychondritis involving the upper airway.
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ranking = 2
keywords = upper
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3/146. Supraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

    An increasing amount of evidence indicates that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a contributing factor to hoarseness, throat clearing, throat discomfort, chronic cough, and shortness of breath. The association between GERD and these supraesophageal symptoms may be elusive. heartburn and regurgitation are absent in more than 50% of patients. Acid reflux should be considered if signs of GERD are present, symptoms are unexplained, or symptoms are refractory to therapy. The diagnosis of GERD may be unclear, despite a careful history and initial evaluation. A high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis. An empiric trial of antireflux therapy is appropriate when GERD is suspected. Multiprobe ambulatory pH monitoring is currently the diagnostic test of choice, but the level of sensitivity and specificity for supraesophageal manifestations of GERD is uncertain. Response to antireflux therapy is less predictable than typical GERD. More intensive acid suppression and longer treatment duration are usually required.
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ranking = 1.0827122258621
keywords = discomfort
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4/146. vocal cord dysfunction in a child.

    vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) involves paradoxical adduction of the vocal cord during the respiratory cycle. This usually occurs during inspiration, but can also be seen in expiration. Vocal cord appositioning produces airflow obstruction sufficient to cause wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. These symptoms often imitate the respiratory alterations of asthma, thus leading to inappropriate treatment; intubation or tracheotomy may prove necessary. An 11-year-old girl was admitted with intractable dyspnea. She had been diagnosed with atopic asthma, although she failed to respond to an increase in antiasthma medication, including high-dose oral steroids. Flow-volume loops were abnormal, with evidence of variable extrathoracic airway obstruction, manifested as a flat inspiratory loop. No structural abnormalities were seen with either computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fibroscopy revealed paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords during the respiratory cycle, no obstructive disorder being observed. After the diagnosis of VCD, the clinical manifestations resolved with psychiatric treatment. Adduction was not demonstrable at repeat fibroscopy after treatment. VCD may simulate bronchial asthma; it may also be associated with that disorder, thus masking the diagnosis. It should be suspected in patients with recurrent wheezing who fail to respond to usual asthma treatment. An early diagnosis avoids unnecessary aggressive management. Treatment should consist of respiratory and phonatory exercises; psychotherapy may be useful.
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ranking = 0.013907991679738
keywords = chest
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5/146. Vallecular cyst: report of four cases--one with co-existing laryngomalacia.

    Congenital vallecular cysts are rare. In this report, four infants having vallecular cysts encountered over a six-year period from 1992 to 1997 were reviewed. All of them presented with upper aerodigestive tract symptoms. Marsupialization was performed in three of them and CO2 laser excision was performed in the fourth patient. There was no recurrence of the cyst in any patient. One of them also had co-existing laryngomalacia. The degree of airway collapse caused by laryngomalacia improved after cyst removal. The laryngomalacia resolved spontaneously. cyst fluid culture was performed in one of the patients and yielded staphylococcus aureus but there was no other definite indicator of infection. staphylococcus aureus could also be isolated in the respiratory tract from two of the other patients.
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ranking = 1
keywords = upper
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6/146. amyloidosis of Waldeyer's ring and larynx.

    amyloidosis of the upper aerodigestive tract is relatively rare. A case of localized amyloidosis involving all components of Waldeyer's ring with added laryngeal involvement is described. This has not been previously reported. A literature review of this conditions is presented.
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ranking = 1
keywords = upper
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7/146. Laryngotracheobronchial involvement in a patient with nonendemic rhinoscleroma.

    We report the first case of rhinoscleroma in an Israeli citizen, a former sailor with a transatlantic shipping company. Characteristic histologic changes from a tracheal biopsy and isolation of klebsiella rhinoscleromatis from a blood culture after diagnostic bronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis. Extreme delay in the diagnosis, a not uncommon feature in nonendemic areas, was associated with severe advanced laryngotracheobronchial disease. Treatment with quinolones was followed by significant improvement, but the patient died 1 month after presentation, apparently from upper airway obstruction.
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ranking = 1
keywords = upper
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8/146. airway obstruction caused by a congenital epiglottic cyst.

    Congenital epiglottic cyst is a rare affliction with potential for airway obstruction. A newborn boy was referred to our department for evaluation of respiratory distress and inspiratory stridor 7 h after birth. Through a transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy examination, a diagnosis of an obstructive upper laryngeal cyst was made. Immediate endoscopic surgery was performed 20 h after birth to completely remove the lesion. Two days after surgery, the patient resumed normal breathing pattern and showed no further episodes of stridor or airway obstruction.
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ranking = 22.214892360916
keywords = breathing, upper
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9/146. Giant polypoid tumor of the esophagus.

    A patient with a giant polypoid tumor of the esophagus, measuring 22 cm in length is described in this report. The patient presented with cough attacks and respiratory distress. Diagnostic and therapeutic intervention required aggressive airway management, radiographic and endoscopic evaluation, and definitive surgical treatment. Benign esophageal tumors are rarely seen and originate from the upper third of esophagus, frequently close to the cricopharyngeus muscle. They may attain giant proportions. A variety of clinical presentations are described, the most serious being asphyxia secondary to laryngeal obstruction. We observed a giant esophageal tumor which was interpreted as angiofibromyolipoma that caused laryngeal obstruction. We present the clinical picture and histopathological findings of the tumor.
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ranking = 1
keywords = upper
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10/146. Crohn's disease: a rare cause of upper airway obstruction.

    Although uncommon, lesions of Crohn's disease can involve the hypopharynx and lower respiratory tract. We describe a patient with partial airway obstruction secondary to Crohn's disease of the hypopharynx and larynx. This entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting to the Emergency Department with upper airway obstruction.
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ranking = 5
keywords = upper
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