1/9. Acute ocular infection by type 2 herpes simplex virus in adults.Acute ocular infections in two adults were caused by type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV) ("genital herpesvirus"). One patient had an acute blepharoconjunctivitis, the other an acute keratoconjunctivitis. Genital infections had preceded the eye infections, and type 2 HSV was isolated from the eyes of both patients and from the genital lesions of one patient. This strongly suggests transmission of type 2 HSV from the genital site to the eye.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Herpesvirus hominis encephalitis and retinitis.A previously healthy 44-year-old man died three weeks after the simultaneous onset of encephalitis and retinitis. Fundus changes were bilateral and included papillitis, rapidly progressive central retinal vein obstruction, and massive exudative retinal detachment. A 16-fold rise in herpesvirus hominis antibodies occured between the 10th and 20th days of illness. At autopsy, the brain showed changes characteristic of herpetic encephalitis, and cultures of the brain yielded Herpesvirus hominis type I. intranuclear inclusion bodies typical of those produced by Herpesvirus were found by light microscopy in brain, optic nerves, retina, and choroid. Herpesvirus particles were found by electron microscopy in brain, optic nerve, and retina.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Recurrent herpes simplex keratitis with concurrent epithelial and stromal involvement. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations.A 65-year-old man with recurrent herpetic keratitis underwent corneal transplantation for persistent nonimmunologic graft failure. Histopathologic examination of the corneal button revealed an epithelial dendrite containing Cowdry type A inclusion bodies, moderate stromal edema, and a retrocorneal fibrous membrane. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated herpes simplex virus antigens in epithelial cells bordering the dendritic defect and in stromal keratocytes. The mean width of corneal epithelium displaying herpes simplex virus-positive epithelial cells on either side of the dendritic defect measured 200 /- 46 microns. By electron microscopy, herpesvirus particles were identified in epithelial cells lining the dendrite as well as in stromal keratocytes. Infected keratocytes were scattered throughout the stroma but were not observed subjacent to the epithelial dendrite. This study demonstrates that a recurrent epithelial dendrite can be associated with subclinical stromal infection of the graft.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. herpes simplex retinitis.Fatal encephalitis with accompanying retinitis developed in a previously healthy 18-month-old infant. Clinically the disease appeared as whitish-yellow punctate lesions, perivascular cuffing, and hemorrhage. The antibody titer to herpes simplex rose from 1:8 on the day of admission to 1:256 on the day of death. Postmortem, intranuclear inclusion bodies that were typical of those found with herpesvirus were seen in the brain and retina. Viral particles consistent with those of herpesvirus were found by electron microscopy in the brain and in the inner-nuclear and ganglion-nerve fiber layers of the retina. This demonstrates the direct infectious nature of herpetic retinitis. Hematogenous spread of the virus to the retina is presumed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Zoster-related bilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome as presenting sign in AIDS.The acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome has recently been associated with intraocular infections with one or more members of the herpesvirus family. There have been 14 cases in the literature linking ARN with a preceding or subsequent herpetic dermatitis. We report the development of bilateral ARN (BARN) after unilateral herpes zoster ophthalmicus as the presenting sign of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a previously healthy man. The development of BARN after diffuse herpes simplex dermatitis in AIDS patients is also discussed. These cases further illustrate the central role of the herpes-virus family in the etiology of ARN and alert the clinician to a new presenting sign for AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. Viral antigens in the immune ring of herpes simplex stromal keratitis.Corneal tissue obtained during superficial keratectomy from a patient with herpesvirus disciform keratitis was studied by immunoelectron microscopy. Clinically, this cornea had a dense central infiltrate with a circumferential opaque ring histologically resembling the immune ring described by Wessely. Histologically, along the line of altered keratocytes and ground substance, an infiltration of inflammatory cells was found. Herpesvirus particles were seen by electron microscopy in the corneal stroma, but these virus particles had abnormal, noninfective forms such as empty capsids and incomplete virions. By immunoelectron microscopy with a peroxidase-labeled antiherpesvirus antibody reagent, herpes-virus antigens were localized inthe corneal keratocytes and in the corneal stroma. The major localization of the virus antigens was in association with the herpes virions and surrounding vacuoles in the keratocyte nucleus and in the corneal stroma in the area of degenerating keratocytes. These findings support the view of a hypersensitivity mechanism in the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus disciform keratitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. cimetidine in the treatment of herpesvirus infections.In August 1977 a patient developed herpes zoster just before she commenced a course of cimetidine (Tagamet; Smith, Kline & French) for a chronic gastric ulcer. She experienced both rapid relief of the ulcer symptoms and, rather unexpectedly, dramatic relief of the herpetic pain and rapid disappearance of the eruption. On the basis of this observation cimetidine was prescribed to 21 patients with herpes zoster. The results continued to be encouraging in all but 3 patients. The trial was therefore extended to other herpesvirus infections. In all but 1 of 7 patients with herpes labialis the blisters were aborted, and in 1 patient with herpes keratitis the result was also encouraging, the attacks being markedly shortened in duration and reduced in frequency. The results of this preliminary trial warrant a systematic scientific inquiry into the potential role of cimetidine in the treatment of hypesvirus infection, as well as a study of the mechanisms involved.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. Herpesvirus infection of cornea allografts.This report describes three patients who have in common an occurrence of ocular epithelial herpes infection following a penetrating keratoplasty for a corneal opacity unrelated to herpesvirus infection. It may be that patients undergoing episodes of graft rejection are at increased risk for the reactivation of herpesvirus latent in the trigeminal ganglia, and corticosteroids should be used with this in mind. Because virtually all adults have been exposed to herpes and therefore harbor latent virus, a viral etiology should be considered for lesions in post-penetrating keratoplasty patients. Although the occurrence of this possibly rejection-related reactivation of herpes simplex virus is undoubtedly rare, management of potential cases of this nature should take this possibility into account.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. Herpes infections in the immunosuppressed host.Very recent studies indicate that a primitive immune system plays an important role in resisting herpesvirus infections in the mouse. This system appears to be reflected by the NK cell assay and preliminary data suggest that this test reflects resistance in man to herpesvirus infections. We propose that ths system may be responsible for resistance to reactivated herpesvirus infections and its suppression might result in clinically apparent disease. Studies in our laboratory are currently aimed at evaluating this possibility.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = herpesvirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |