1/27. Horner'sy syndrome and its significance in the management of head and neck trauma.The history, mechanism and aetiology of Horner'sy Syndrome is presented and the pharmacology of the pupil is discussed. The case reported is a rare combination of Horner's Syndrome in a patient who sustained bilateral fractures of the mandible and a chest injury. It is emphasised that the miotic changes in Horner's Syndrome, in combination with head injuries can lead to confusion in diagnosis and the potential anaesthetic hazards and their influence on the management of the facial injury are outlined.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = chest (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/27. Non-Hodgkin's tumor and Pancoast's syndrome.A 60-year old man presented with Horner's syndrome, and acute right hand and lower extremity weakness. Chest X-ray and MRI revealed a right apical lung tumor (presumed to be a primary lung cancer), with brachial plexus infiltration and spinal cord compression. Emergent radiotherapy was initiated for spinal cord compression and a biopsy was obtained 24 h later. A careful review of pathology demonstrated a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patient subsequently received chemotherapy, and is now in remission. This case illustrates the importance of a tissue diagnosis before initiating therapy for a Pancoast's tumor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 28.911707276048keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/27. Disuse osteoporosis as evidence of brachial plexus palsy due to intrauterine fetal maladaptation.We report what may be overlooked evidence of the effects of intrauterine maladaptation as a cause of brachial plexus palsy. A case of total brachial plexus palsy in the posterior arm associated with Horner's syndrome and severe demineralization of the bones of the affected arm is analyzed. In this litigated case, a report of marked demineralization of the bones of the affected arm was analyzed by the plaintiff's radiology expert as diagnostic of disuse osteoporosis. The presence of clear-cut evidence of disuse osteoporosis during the early neonatal period is compelling evidence of an intrauterine onset of brachial plexus palsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 202.38195093233keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/27. Isolated abducens nerve paresis associated with incomplete Horner's syndrome caused by petrous apex fracture--case report and anatomical study.A 17-year-old male presented with a wound on the right temporal region, oozing hemorrhagic necrotic brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, following a fall. Computed tomography showed temporoparietal and petrous apex fractures on the right. Neurological examination revealed abducens nerve paresis, ptosis, and myosis on the right side. The patient was treated surgically for the removal of the free bony fragments at the fracture site and to close the dural tear. The abducens nerve paresis, ptosis, and myosis persisted at the 3rd monthly postoperative follow-up examination. The anatomy of the abducens nerve at the petroclival region was studied in four cadaveric heads. Two silicone-injected heads were used for microsurgical dissections and two for histological sections. The abducens nerve has three different angulations in the petroclival region, located at the dural entrance porus, the petrous apex, and the lateral wall of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. The abducens nerve had fine anastomoses with the trigeminal nerve and the periarterial sympathetic plexus. There were fibrous connections extending inside the venous space of the petroclival area. The abducens nerve seems to be vulnerable to damage in the petroclival region, either directly by trauma to its dural porus and petrous apex or indirectly by stretching of the nerve through the nervous and/or fibrous connections. Concurrent functional loss of the abducens nerve and the periarterial sympathetic plexus clinically manifested as incomplete Horner's syndrome in our patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 57.823414552095keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/27. Isolated horner syndrome and syrinx of the cervical spinal cord.PURPOSE: To alert ophthalmologists to the possibility of a spinal cord lesion in individuals with horner syndrome and no neurologic symptoms. DESIGN: Observational case report. methods: Neuro-ophthalmic and neuroimaging assessment of a 16-year-old man with an isolated horner syndrome localizing to a first- or second-order neuron. RESULTS: With magnetic resonance imaging, a syrinx of the cervical spinal cord extending from C5 to C7 was found. No Chiari malformation was present. CONCLUSION: patients with an isolated horner syndrome localizing to a first- or second-order sympathetic neuron should undergo magnetic resonance imaging of the head, neck, spinal cord, and chest to investigate for possible origins. An isolated horner syndrome may be the presenting manifestation of a cervical syrinx.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = chest (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/27. Unilateral Horner's syndrome and brachial plexus anesthesia during lumbar epidural blockade.Horner's syndrome is a rare side effect of epidural analgesia. In association with ipsilateral brachial plexus block, it has only been reported once before, in French. Unilateral blockade has also been reported, although its etiology is unclear and may be multifactorial. The patient described here experienced an asymmetrical epidural blockade with a unilateral Horner's syndrome and ipsilateral brachial plexus block.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 173.47024365629keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/27. Horner's syndrome caused by a thoracic dumbbell-shaped schwannoma: sympathetic chain reconstruction after a one-stage removal of the tumor.STUDY DESIGN: A case of Horner's syndrome caused by a thoracic dumbbell-shaped schwannoma is reported. OBJECTIVES: To report a rare case of a mediastinal dumbbell-shaped schwannoma as a cause of Horner's syndrome and to show the result of intercostal nerve grafting for sympathetic chain reconstruction after resection of the sympathetic nerve. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It has been reported that approximately 10% of neurogenic mediastinal tumors extend through the neural foramen into the spinal canal, creating a dumbbell shape. Although the most frequent causes of Horner's syndrome are tumors, a dumbbell-shaped schwannoma has rarely been described as a cause of the syndrome. Moreover, there have been no previous reports that primary sympathetic chain reconstruction has been performed with an intercostal nerve graft after resection of the sympathetic nerve with the tumor. methods: A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with a mediastinal tumor by routine chest radiography. The patient had right-sided Horner's syndrome, the signs of which she had not noticed. Surgical resection of the dumbbell-shaped tumor was performed in a one-stage combined resection of both the intraspinal and the mediastinal component of the tumor. Primary sympathetic chain reconstruction was also performed with an intercostal nerve graft. RESULTS: The tumor was resected completely, and no recurrence of the tumor was observed 1 year after the operation. blepharoptosis and anhidrosis on the right side of her face and upper limb gradually improved after surgery, and compensatory oversweating on the left side eventually improved. In bright illumination, the right pupil diameter was 3.5 mm and the left was 5 mm after surgery; the right pupil measured 4 mm and the left measured 5 mm 1 year after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: A mediastinal dumbbell-shaped schwannoma has rarely been described as a cause of Horner's syndrome. Primary sympathetic nerve reconstruction with an intercostal nerve was shown to be useful after resection of the sympathetic nerve involved in the tumor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = chest (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/27. Congenital Horner's syndrome: report of one case.Congenital Horner's syndrome is an infrequent illness caused by a lesion of the cervical sympathetic nerve fiber. It's clinical features are facial anhidrosis, ptosis, miosis, and hypochromia iridis of the affected side. The subject of this report, a full-term male newborn, had had a smooth birth process but was found on the second day of life to have narrowing of the palpebral fissure and absence of facial flushing on the right side when he cried. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a smaller right pupil. The above abnormalities proved to result from a post-ganglionic lesion, after pharmacologic test. Roentgenograms of the skull, chest and cervical spine were normal, and a computed tomography scan of the cervical spine showed no abnormalities. The diagnosis was of congenital Horner's syndrome. Since no congenital Horner's syndrome to the newborn period could be found in previous literature, this report is presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = chest (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/27. Raeder syndrome: MR appearance.A 40-year-old woman presented with symptoms compatible with Raeder syndrome. MR demonstrated narrowing of the left cavernous carotid artery. The high cervical portion of the left internal carotid artery was not identified. angiography confirmed the narrowing of the cavernous carotid artery and showed marked and irregular stenosis of the distal cervical internal carotid artery. Involvement of the left sympathetic plexus and of ipsilateral cavernous sinus arteries is believed to have been the cause of the Raeder syndrome in this patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 28.911707276048keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/27. review of Horner's syndrome and a case report.Sympathetic denervation of the eye [Horner's Syndrome (HS)] usually presents as ptosis, miosis, and facial anhydrosis. HS presents a challenge to the clinician because the causative lesion may involve a first, second, or third-order neuron. This paper reviews the literature regarding HS, the anatomy of the sympathetic pathway to the eye, the diagnosis, and the localization of the lesion. Our patient developed reversible HS after a migrainous episode which presumably caused "bruising" of the sympathetic plexus within the carotid canal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 28.911707276048keywords = plexus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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