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1/21. Transient edema of the spinal cord as a result of spontaneous acute epidural hematoma in the thoracic spine.

    We present an unusual case of spontaneous epidural hemorrhage in the thoracic spine resulting in rapid onset of transient and extensive edema in the spinal cord. The patient presented with acute onset of midscapular back pain, bilateral lower extremity weakness, and bladder dysfunction. Repeat MRI 20 days after decompression of the hematoma showed residual hematoma and complete resolution of the spinal cord edema. The implications and differential diagnosis of spinal cord edema in this clinical setting are discussed.
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ranking = 1
keywords = back pain
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2/21. Intrathecal injection of epidural blood patch: a case report and review of the literature.

    Epidural blood patch (EBP) is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of persistent severe post- dural-puncture headache (PDPH). It has a high success rate with a low incidence of complications. We report the case of a 27-year-old woman who developed progressive back pain and radicular symptoms after an EBP was performed for PDPH. An emergency MRI showed a subarachnoid hematoma. Gradual recovery occurred without the need for intervention. To our knowledge, this is the only case demonstrating the MRI findings of a rare complication of a common procedure. Radiologists may benefit from familiarity with epidural blood patching, including the technique, risks, benefits, and potential complications
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ranking = 1.0055933322234
keywords = back pain, headache
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3/21. Epidural blood patch in a patient taking enoxaparin.

    A 36-year-old, 204-kg parturient with a past medical history of factor v Leiden requiring enoxaparin therapy developed a postdural puncture headache. With careful coordination of her enoxaparin dosing, an epidural blood patch was successfully performed. Performance of a blood patch in patients taking enoxaparin involves the withholding of the medication for a specific period.
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ranking = 0.0055933322233595
keywords = headache
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4/21. Fracture of the posterior margin of the lumbar spine: case report after an acute, unique, and severe trauma.

    STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: We report a case of a posterior margin fracture in the lumbar spine after an acute, unique, and severe trauma with neurologic deficiency in a nonathlete adolescent with no history of lumbar pain. A literature review did not uncover a similar case. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Fracture of the posterior margin of lumbar vertebral body is not a common injury. It usually occurs in adolescent and young adults and has been always reported after sports-related microtraumatisms. Symptoms are mainly back pain and radicular pain. Neurologic deficiency is rare. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: An acute and severe spine trauma in a nonathlete adolescent with no previous history of lumbar pain can lead to posterior vertebra margin fracture. Neurologic deficiency may appear, and it can be directly related to the posterior displacement of bone fragment or to a compressive peridural hematoma. Radiographs and computed tomograph scans are used for diagnosis. magnetic resonance imaging is accurate to visualize disc space and for the diagnosis of peridural hematoma. Treatment is surgical and consists of laminectomy, hematoma drainage, and excision of bone fragment. Discectomy and arthrodesis are to be considered in relation to age, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and type of bone lesions.
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keywords = back pain
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5/21. Thoracic intradural arachnoid cyst associated with surgical removal of epidural hematoma--case report.

    A 54-year-old woman presented with a very rare association of spinal intradural arachnoid cyst and spinal epidural hematoma manifesting as paraparesis subsequent to severe back pain. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging disclosed a ventral epidural hematoma extending from the T-4 to T-6 levels and compressing the spinal cord ventrally. Emergent surgical evacuation of the epidural hematoma was carried out 22 hours after the onset. MR imaging obtained 2 days after surgery showed enlargement of the dorsal subarachnoid space at the T-3 to T-8 levels. The patient could walk independently within 6 months after discharge, but paraparesis recurred 3 years after surgery. MR imaging showed formation of an intradural arachnoid cyst, which compressed the spinal cord dorsally. She underwent arachnoid cystectomy, and recovered ambulation postoperatively. This case of intradural arachnoid cyst of the thoracic spine which appeared after surgical removal of an epidural hematoma at the same spinal level indicates some association between the epidural hematoma and the arachnoid cyst.
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ranking = 1
keywords = back pain
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6/21. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: a case report.

    A 59-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) the day after a minor motor vehicle crash for evaluation of bilateral shoulder pain. He underwent ED evaluation for his back pain two more times before it was found that he had a spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH). On the third visit, the patient had waxing and waning neurologic symptoms including lower extremity weakness and urinary retention. The diagnosis was made by MRI, and the patient was successfully treated with cervical hemilaminectomy at the cervicothoracic junction for evacuation of the epidural hematoma 5 days after the onset of back pain.
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ranking = 2
keywords = back pain
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7/21. Symptomatic epidural hematoma caused by lumbar synovial cyst rupture: report of two cases and review of the literature.

    OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Juxtafacet cysts of the lumbar spine are a recognized cause of back pain, radicular symptoms, neurogenic claudication, and, less often, cauda equina compression syndrome. Hemorrhagic rupture of a juxtafacet cyst and the resulting epidural hematoma may cause chronic and/or acute cauda equina compression. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report two cases of ruptured hemorrhagic lumbar synovial cysts resulting in epidural hematoma and progressive symptomatic cauda equina compression. INTERVENTION: Surgical excision of the epidural hematoma and the associated cyst resulted in complete resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Rarely, juxtafacet cysts of the lumbar spine may rupture and hemorrhage into the epidural space causing symptomatic cauda equina compression. It is important to consider this entity when evaluating the patient with cauda equina compression. The findings of these cases give insight into the clinical presentation, operative treatment, and outcome in these patients.
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ranking = 1
keywords = back pain
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8/21. Epidural hematoma after immobilization of a "hangman's" fracture: case report and review of the literature.

    BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Neurologic deterioration after immobilization of traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis rarely occurs because of the decompressive nature of the injury itself and the large amount of space available for the cord in the upper cervical spine. PURPOSE: To document neurologic deterioration after reduction (without the use of traction) and halo immobilization of a Type IIA traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis (hangman's fracture) secondary to an epidural hematoma. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Case report. PATIENT SAMPLE AND OUTCOME MEASURES: The patient population consisted of one patient; no outcome measures were used. methods: The medical record and radiographic studies of a 27-year-old patient involved in a motor vehicle crash that resulted in a traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis were retrospectively reviewed, and a review of the English literature was performed. RESULTS: Upon evaluation, the patient was found to have, in addition to other injuries, a Type IIA hangman's fracture of the C2 vertebra, which was stabilized in a halo. Shortly thereafter, the patient developed a gradual progressive neurologic deficit. magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a large epidural hematoma with cord compression treated with posterior laminectomy and transdural decompression of an anterior hematoma. Postoperatively, the patient's neurologic examination improved and returned to normal within 6 months. CONCLUSION: An epidural hematoma can occur after traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis, but its symptoms may not present until after the spondylolisthesis is treated.
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ranking = 0.00083280441963268
keywords = upper
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9/21. Spontaneous acute thoracic epidural hematoma causing paraplegia in a patient with severe preeclampsia in early labor.

    This is a case of acute spontaneous thoracic epidural hematoma in a laboring patient at term who presented with severe preeclampsia and acute spinal cord compression, paraplegia, and sensory loss below T8. In early labor, at home, the patient experienced sudden lumbar back pain that progressed to mid-scapular pain leading to paraplegia and T8 sensory loss within one hour of onset of pain. Her symptoms were caused by a spontaneous thoracic epidural hematoma. Upon arrival at the first hospital, the correct presumptive diagnosis was made in the emergency room, magnesium sulfate was administered, and the patient was transferred to our medical center. Her hypertension was not treated despite severe preeclampsia in order to maintain spinal cord perfusion pressure. Following cesarean section under general anesthesia, thoracic laminectomy was performed and an epidural hematoma compressing the spinal cord to 2-3 mm was evacuated 13 h after the onset of symptoms. After approximately three months of paraplegia, five months with quad-walker and cane use, the patient can now walk with a cane or other minimal support but has remaining bowel and bladder problems. The conflicting anesthetic management objectives of severe preeclampsia and acute paraplegia secondary to spinal epidural hematoma required compromise in the management of her preeclampsia in order to preserve spinal cord perfusion.
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ranking = 1
keywords = back pain
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10/21. Spinal epidural hematoma after a pathologic compression fracture: an unusual presentation of multiple myeloma.

    BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Spinal epidural hematoma can result from traumatic and atraumatic etiologies. Atraumatic spinal epidural hematomas have been reported as an initial presentation of multiple myeloma. There are no other reports previously describing spinal epidural hematoma after a pathologic spinal fracture. PURPOSE: To present the first reported case of a spinal epidural hematoma after a pathologic fracture and a very unusual initial presentation of multiple myeloma in a young patient. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Case report. methods: A healthy asymptomatic 37-year-old male was struck in the head with a ball while playing soccer. Initial symptoms included severe back pain without neurologic symptoms. Complete motor paralysis developed over the next 24 hours in the lower extremities with a sensory level of T10. magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the spine revealed a T6 compression fracture with a dorsal T3 to T10 epidural hematoma. The patient underwent surgical T2 to T8 posterior spinal decompression with evacuation of the hematoma. serum and urine electrophoresis and bone marrow biopsy were performed. RESULTS: The results of the electrophoresis revealed an immunoglobulin a monoclonal spike. The bone marrow biopsy was positive for plasma cell myeloma. Recovery of some motor function was noted in both lower extremities postoperatively. The patient was subsequently started on steroids and chemotherapy for myeloma. The patient has also undergone bone marrow transplant, and his myeloma is currently in remission. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of spinal epidural hematoma after a pathologic spinal fracture. Also, this case represents an unusual initial presentation of multiple myeloma in a young patient.
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ranking = 1
keywords = back pain
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