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1/70. Abrupt exacerbation of acute subdural hematoma mimicking benign acute epidural hematoma on computed tomography--case report.

    A 75-year-old male was hit by a car, when riding a bicycle. The diagnosis of acute epidural hematoma was made based on computed tomography (CT) findings of lentiform hematoma in the left temporal region. On admission he had only moderate occipitalgia and amnesia of the accident, so conservative therapy was administered. Thirty-three hours later, he suddenly developed severe headache, vomiting, and anisocoria just after a positional change. CT revealed typical acute subdural hematoma (ASDH), which was confirmed by emergent decompressive craniectomy. He was vegetative postoperatively and died of pneumonia one month later. Emergent surgical exploration is recommended for this type of ASDH even if the symptoms are mild due to aged atrophic brain.
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ranking = 1
keywords = headache
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2/70. Epidural hematoma following epidural catheter placement in a patient with chronic renal failure.

    PURPOSE: We report a case of epidural hematoma in a surgical patient with chronic renal failure who received an epidural catheter for postoperative analgesia. Symptoms of epidural hematoma occurred about 60 hr after epidural catheter placement. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 58-yr-old woman with a history of chronic renal failure was admitted for elective abdominal cancer surgery. Preoperative laboratory values revealed anemia, hematocrit 26%, and normal platelet, PT and PTT values. General anesthesia was administered for surgery, along with epidural catheter placement for postoperative analgesia. Following uneventful surgery, the patient completed an uneventful postoperative course for 48 hr. Then, the onset of severe low back pain, accompanied by motor and sensory deficits in the lower extremities, alerted the anesthesia team to the development of an epidural hematoma extending from T12 to L2 with spinal cord compression. Emergency decompressive laminectomy resulted in recovery of moderate neurologic function. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first case of epidural hematoma formation in a surgical patient with chronic renal failure (CRF) and epidural postoperative analgesia. The only risk factor for the development of epidural hematoma was a history of CRF High-risk patients should be monitored closely for early signs of cord compression such as severe back pain, motor or sensory deficits. An opioid or opioid/local anesthetic epidural solution, rather than local anesthetic infusion alone, may allow continuous monitoring of neurological function and be a prudent choice in high-risk patients. If spinal hematoma is suspected, immediate MRI or CT scan should be done and decompressive laminectomy performed without delay.
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ranking = 11.842186982611
keywords = back pain, back
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3/70. Spinal epidural hematoma caused by extradural arteriovenous malformation: a case report and review of the literature.

    About 330 cases of spinal epidural hematoma have been reported in the literature but few cases had pathologically proven extradural arteriovenous malformation. The authors report a case of spinal epidural hematoma caused by extradural arteriovenous malformation. The patient presented with a sudden onset of back pain followed by rapidly progressive neurological deficit. MRI was the procedure of choice for diagnosis of this lesion. Treatment was emergency surgical decompression. prognosis depends on the preoperative neurological deficit, operative interval and localization of the hematoma.
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ranking = 5.9210934913053
keywords = back pain, back
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4/70. Vertex epidural hematoma: surgical versus conservative management: two case reports and review of the literature.

    OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Vertex epidural hematomas may be underestimated or overlooked altogether when computed tomographic scans alone are used for diagnosis. Such hematomas can be resolved with active intervention and sometimes with conservative treatment. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Two cases of successfully treated vertex epidural hematomas, in a 33-year-old man who presented with seizures and an 11-year-old girl who presented with headache and vomiting, are described. Both hematomas were traumatic in origin and were associated with cranial fractures. In each, coronal images (computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scans) showed the extent of the hematoma much more clearly than did axial images. INTERVENTION: One case was treated surgically and the other conservatively. CONCLUSION: magnetic resonance imaging is not usually indicated for trauma patients, but it is an appropriate diagnostic modality for these rare lesions, to supplement standard axial computed tomographic scans. Because vertex epidural hematomas may resolve spontaneously with time, conservative treatment should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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ranking = 1
keywords = headache
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5/70. Epidural hematoma after minor oral trauma.

    A case report was presented in which a 15-year-old boy was beaten about the head with a baseball bat. Intraoral trauma and facial lacerations were repaired. Since results of the neurological examination were within normal limits, the patient was discharged. The next day, the patient became lethargic; however, the patient's mother did not bring the patient back to the hospital until the routine postoperative visit. At that time, the patient had right hemiparesis, was unable to speak, and was clearly obtunded. A carotid angiogram disclosed a left venous epidural hematoma in the parietal area. A craniotomy was performed with good results. The importance of follow-up neurologic examinations in cases of trauma to the face and head is stressed.
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ranking = 0.32099514180252
keywords = back
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6/70. Occipital condyle fracture with peripheral neurological deficit.

    A 24-year-old woman sustained a type III Anderson and Montesano fracture in a road traffic accident. Acute respiratory stridor, multiple cranial nerve palsies and right upper limb neurological deficits associated with a C1 to T2 extradural haematoma were unique features of this case. The patient made a full and uncomplicated recovery with conservative management.
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ranking = 0.017946875845398
keywords = upper
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7/70. The shaking trauma in infants - kinetic chains.

    The findings in three children who died as a consequence of shaking and those in another child who survived are presented. In the three fatal cases, a combination of anatomical lesions were identified at autopsy which appear to indicate the sites where kinetic energy related to the shaking episodes had been applied thus enabling the sequence of events resulting in the fatal head injury to be elucidated. Such patterns of injuries involved the upper limb, the shoulder, the brachial nerve plexus and the muscles close to the scapula; hemorrhages were present at the insertions of the sternocleidomastoid muscles due to hyperextension trauma (the so-called periosteal sign) and in the transition zone between the cervical and thoracic spine and extradural hematomas. Characteristic lesions due to traction were also found in the legs. All three children with lethal shaking trauma died from a subdural hematoma only a few hours after the event. The surviving child had persistant hypoxic damage of the brain following on massive cerebral edema. All the children showed a discrepancy between the lack of identifiable external lesions and severe internal ones.
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ranking = 0.017946875845398
keywords = upper
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8/70. Acute epidural hematoma developing during twist-drill craniostomy: a complication of percutaneous subdural tapping for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma.

    BACKGROUND: This case illustrates that although percutaneous subdural tapping for patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is successful and minimally invasive, it can be complicated by acute epidural hematoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old woman presented with headache two months after minor head trauma. Computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed CSDH with mixed density on the right side. Prior to percutaneous subdural tapping, twist-drill craniostomy was performed at the parietal tuber. When the drill-needle reached the dura mater, the patient began to complain of headache, which was followed by altered consciousness. CT scanning disclosed acute epidural hematoma abutting the CSDH; both hematomas were evacuated by emergency craniotomy. At surgery, no definite bleeding source was identified apart from oozing on the dura mater. CONCLUSION: Hemorrhagic complications after percutaneous subdural tapping are rare. The formation of acute epidural hematoma during twist-drill craniostomy has not been reported in the literature. This complication can occur when the blunt tip of the drill-needle remains on the dura mater without penetrating into the subdural hematoma cavity.
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ranking = 2
keywords = headache
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9/70. Chronic nontraumatic spinal epidural hematoma of the lumbar spine: MRI diagnosis.

    An uncommon case of chronic nontraumatic spinal epidural hematoma of the lumbar spine in a 75-year-old woman is reported. The patient presented with a 7-month history of low back pain and bilateral sciatica. magnetic resonance imaging enabled a correct preoperative diagnosis revealing a nodular, well-circumscribed epidural mass with peripheral enhancement and signal intensities consistent with chronic hematoma, which extended from L2 to L3. laminectomy of L2-L3 was performed and the hematoma was totally resected. Histological examination of the surgical specimen demonstrated a chronic encapsulated hematoma. No evidence of vascular malformation was found. The patient recovered fully after surgical treatment.
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ranking = 5.9210934913053
keywords = back pain, back
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10/70. Acute hemorrhagic complication of diagnostic lumbar puncture.

    OBJECTIVE: To present a case of an epidural hematoma after lumbar puncture in a pediatric patient without known risk factors for such a complication and to review the literature regarding this complication. DESIGN: Case report, review of the literature, and discussion. DATA SOURCES: A review of medline (1966-1998) for keywords "lumbar puncture" and "hemorrhage" or "hematoma" was conducted, and each bibliography was reviewed for other sources extending to 1911. Articles describing a case of spinal hematoma after a lumbar puncture for any procedure were included. RESULTS: A 5-year-old boy underwent a lumbar puncture for evaluation of lethargy and fever, and subsequently developed marked back pain and severe pain on flexion of his legs. magnetic resonance imaging revealed an epidural blood collection. The patient's symptoms resolved over the next few days in association with steroid administration. Multiple reports of epidural and subdural hematomas were found on literature review, most occurring in the setting of coagulation abnormalities. These reports involve lumbar puncture in anesthetic, interventional, and diagnostic settings. CONCLUSION: Lumbar puncture is a frequently employed procedure. Known complications include epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, usually in the setting of abnormal coagulation. The case presented is unusual in that the patient is a child and lacks any known risk factors for a hemorrhagic complication. Such a complication appears to be rare; only five of the 64 cases discovered in the literature review occurred following this diagnostic procedure in patients without known risk factors.
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ranking = 5.9210934913053
keywords = back pain, back
(Clic here for more details about this article)
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