1/16. death from hyponatremia as a result of acute water intoxication in an Army basic trainee.Several reports during the past 15 years have described hyponatremia as a result of excessive water intake by athletes during endurance races. The high rates of fluid consumption have been attributed to the desire of athletes to prevent heat injury. The military has adopted guidelines for programmed drinking to maintain performance and minimize the risk of heat casualties. As military personnel increase their fluid intake, their risk of hyponatremia as a result of water overload increases. A potentially life-threatening complication is acute water intoxication. We report the first known death of an Army basic trainee as a result of acute water intoxication. The misinterpretation of his symptoms as those of dehydration and heat injury led to continued efforts at oral hydration until catastrophic cerebral and pulmonary edema developed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = heat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/16. Heat-related illnesses and deaths--missouri, 1998, and united states, 1979-1996.Although heat-related illness and death are readily preventable, exposure to extremely high temperatures caused an annual average of 381 deaths in the United States during 1979-1996. Basic behavioral and environmental precautions are essential to preventing adverse health outcomes associated with sustained periods of hot weather (daytime heat index of > or = 105 F [> or = 40.6 C] and a nighttime minimum temperature of 80 F [26.7 C] persisting for at least 48 hours). This report describes four heat-related deaths that occurred in missouri during 1998, summarizes heat-related deaths in the united states during 1979-1996, describes risk factors associated with heat-related illness and death, especially in susceptible populations (young and elderly, chronically ill, and disabled persons), and recommends preventive measures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6666666666667keywords = heat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/16. Heat-related illnesses, deaths, and risk factors--Cincinnati and Dayton, ohio, 1999, and united states, 1979-1997.During the summer of 1999, a heat wave occurred in the midwestern and eastern united states. This period of hot and humid weather persisted from July 12 through August 1, 1999, and caused or contributed to 22 deaths among persons residing in Cincinnati (18 deaths) and Dayton (four deaths). A CDC survey of 24 U.S. metropolitan areas indicated that ohio recorded some of the highest rates for heat-related deaths during the 1999 heat wave, with Cincinnati reporting 21 per million and Dayton reporting seven per million (CDC, unpublished data, 1999). This report describes four heat-related deaths representative of those that occurred in Cincinnati or Dayton during the 1999 heat wave, summarizes heat-related deaths in the united states during 1979-1997, describes risk factors associated with heat-related illness and death, and recommends preventive measures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.3333333333333keywords = heat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/16. Environmental hyperthermic infant and early childhood death: circumstances, pathologic changes, and manner of death.infant and early childhood death caused by environmental hyperthermia (fatal heat stroke) is a rare event, typically occurring in vehicles or beds. The aims of this study were to describe the demographics, circumstances, pathology, and manner of death in infants and young children who died of environmental hyperthermia and to compare these cases with those reported in the literature. Scene investigation, autopsy reports, and the microscopic slides of cases from three jurisdictions were reviewed. The subjects in 10 identified cases ranged in age from 53 days to 9 years. Eight were discovered in vehicles and 2 in beds. When the authors' cases were grouped with reported cases, the profile of those in vehicles differed from those in beds. The former were older, were exposed to rapidly reached higher temperatures, and often had more severe skin damage. The latter were mostly infants and were exposed to lower environmental temperatures. Hepatocellular necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation were reported in victims who survived at least 6 hours after the hyperthermic exposure. The consistent postmortem finding among nearly all victims was intrathoracic petechiae, suggesting terminal gasping in an attempt at autoresuscitation before death. The manner of death was either accident or homicide. Recommendations for the scene investigation are made.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.3654630203362keywords = heat, heat stroke, stroke (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/16. Heat-related deaths--los angeles County, california, 1999-2000, and united states, 1979-1998.Heat-related deaths typically occur during summer months. Many of these deaths are preventable. This report describes four cases of heat-related deaths in los angeles County, california, during 1999-2000, compares age-, sex-, and race-specific rates in los angeles County and the united states during 1979-1998, and summarizes trends in the united states during 1979-1998. Relatives, neighbors, and caretakers of persons at risk for heat-related death should frequently evaluate heat-related hazards, recognize symptoms of heat-related morbidity, and take appropriate preventive action.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3333333333333keywords = heat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/16. Heat-related deaths--four states, July-August 2001, and united states, 1979-1999.Each year in the united states, approximately 400 deaths are attributed to excessive natural heat; these deaths are preventable. This report describes heat-related deaths in missouri, new mexico, oklahoma, and texas when elevated temperatures were recorded for several consecutive days during July-August 2001; summarizes heat-related deaths in the united states during 1979-1999; and presents risk factors and preventive measures associated with heat-related illness and death, especially in susceptible populations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3333333333333keywords = heat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/16. Collapse from exertional heat illness: implications and subsequent decisions.The implications of the collapse of a soldier early in an exercise from exertional heat illness (EHI) are considered. Such soldiers may be at risk from a genetic predisposition. malignant hyperthermia (MH) and isolated and improbable cases of EHI may be just two different expressions of the same mutated gene sequence. The genetics of MH are complex and present knowledge is incomplete. The use of the in vitro contraction test (IVCT) on cases of EHI, in addition to its proven role in MH, would be helpful in examining the relationship between MH and EHI. It has been shown that some soldiers collapsing with EHI may have subsequent positive IVCTs. The test, however, sometimes produces false positives and, in addition, a positive result could be a consequence of a heat insult rather than an antecedent. Further studies to establish the incidence of positive IVCTs in relatives of EHI probands, and thus test for heritability, are required. There is, at the moment, only one example of proven MH and proven EHI occurring in the same individual. dna from a 12-year-old boy who suffered MH and later died from the EHI and from his relatives showed relevant mutations as did the dna of two of three soldiers who survived EHI. Hajj pilgrims, who collapse with heat illness, do not show such mutations, but the etiology is different. The sedentary pilgrims succumbed to a very high external ambient temperature, the active soldiers to a huge output of internal metabolic heat. Only eventual advances in defining the genetics of MH and EHI will resolve the present confusion of the relationship between the two conditions. Meanwhile, there is a need to bypass considerations of the etiology of EHI and to identify the vulnerable and handicapped soldier by exposure after an interval of time to one or more exercise tolerance tests.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.6666666666667keywords = heat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/16. Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis: a rare cause of heat intolerance.A reduced level or complete cessation of sweating can be caused by a variety of factors affecting sweat glands directly or indirectly through alterations in their nerve supply. The most common presentation is the syndrome of heat intolerance with or without features of dysautonomia. An acquired idiopathic form of generalized anhidrosis is characterized by loss of sweating in the absence of any neurological features or destruction of sweat glands. Cholinergic urticaria has been associated with some cases of this acquired idiopathic form of generalized anhidrosis. A case of generalized absence of sweating without a neurological deficit is described, and the implications of heat intolerance are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = heat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/16. Heat-related deaths.risk factors and criteria for classifying deaths as heat related are discussed with emphasis on investigation of the circumstances.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = heat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/16. Is there a link between malignant hyperthermia and exertional heat illness?Exertional heat illness (EHI) and malignant hyperthermia (MH) are two potentially lethal conditions. It has been suggested that a subset of MH susceptible persons may be predisposed to EHI. We examine the current understanding of these disorders and explore evidence of a relationship. Screening for the muscle type I ryanodine receptor gene should help clarify the relationship between MH and EHI.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6666666666667keywords = heat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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