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1/7. Neuro-ophthalmologic presentations of hemicrania continua.

    PURPOSE: We describe a series of patients with hemicrania continua, a rare indomethacin-responsive primary headache syndrome, who presented for evaluation with neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms. DESIGN: Observational case series. methods: Nine patients between the ages of 29 and 58 years were seen with various neuro-ophthalmologic findings and a unilateral continuous headache. A detailed history was taken from each patient, followed by a focused ophthalmologic and neurologic examination. The risks and benefits of treatment with indomethacin were discussed. patients were instructed to call after several days of treatment to report any change in their headache and neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms, in addition to any adverse side effects. RESULTS: All patients responded favorably to indomethacin, with rapid near-complete or complete resolution of headache and autonomic symptoms, and treatment was initiated as early as possible. CONCLUSIONS: Because of its absolute response to indomethacin, recognizing the neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms of hemicrania continua as a component of the headache syndrome is critical for prompt initiation of treatment.
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keywords = headache
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2/7. Primary headaches associated with sexual activity--some observations in Indian patients.

    Primary headache associated with sexual activity appears to be relatively uncommon in a clinic-based study in Indian patients. Only 24 patients (M:F 18:6) were encountered over a 20-year period (1985-2004). Of the 18 male patients, 14 (age 33-42 years) had preorgasmic headache of tension-headache type for 2-8 months, one patient (age 58 years) had orgasmic headache of vascular type for 1 month and three subjects (age 19-23 years) had masturbatory headache also simulating tension-type headache for 3-7 weeks. These observations are at variance with those generally reported from western countries. Of the six female patients, four (age 26-32 years) had typical orgasmic headache of the vascular type (for a few months to a few years), only one of whom had been a migraine sufferer. One patient (age 35 years) presented with a single episode of thunderclap headache where angiography had been negative. Another female subject (age 30 years) experienced typical orgasmic headache only during masturbation but not during actual sexual intercourse. Occurrence of sexual headaches in both male and female subjects had been unpredictable. Few had associated migraine and none ever experienced exertional headache.
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keywords = headache
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3/7. Is vasospasm requisite for posterior leukoencephalopathy in patients with primary thunderclap headaches?

    Primary thunderclap headache (TCH) is sometimes associated with cerebral vasospasm. However, the role of vasospasm in relation to the development of reversible or irreversible posterior leukoencephalopathy among patients with primary TCH has never been fully addressed. This paper includes a report on a 51-year-old woman with primary TCH complicated with posterior leukoencephalopathy and a literature review of 16 further patients with the same illness. Their magnetic resonance or conventional angiographic findings were clearly described. Our review found that all these 17 patients showed evidence of cerebral vasospasm. Eleven (65%) of them developed permanent ischaemic infarctions, almost exclusively located at the watershed zones. We suggest that the presence of vasospasm might be requisite for posterior leukoencephalopathy as well as for permanent infarctions in these patients. Therefore, searching for any clue of vasospasm is mandatory in treatment of patients with primary TCH. Absence of an accompanying vasospasm might predict a good outcome.
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keywords = headache
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4/7. A pediatric case of reversible segmental cerebral vasoconstriction.

    BACKGROUND: Reversible segmental cerebral vasoconstriction (RSCV) is a recognizable clinical and radiographic syndrome consisting of thunderclap headache with or without focal neurological symptoms combined with reversible segmental vasoconstriction of proximal cerebral blood vessels. methods: We report a case of reversible segmental cerebral vasoconstriction in a child. RESULTS: A healthy 13-year-old boy experienced the sudden onset of a severe, diffuse headache upon surfacing from a deep dive in a swimming pool. Severity was maximal at the onset and improved over several hours. The same headache recurred three times over the next four days and a low baseline headache persisted throughout. vomiting occurred once and mild photo/osmophobia were reported but throbbing, aura, or autonomic symptoms were absent. Focal neurological signs or symptoms were absent and he denied previous history of headaches, medications, drugs, or trauma. Two normal CT scans were performed within hours of separate headaches. cerebrospinal fluid study on day 5 was bloody with no xanthochromia. MRI/MRA/MRV of the brain and vasculitic work-up were normal. cerebral angiography on day 6 demonstrated smooth narrowing of multiple proximal cerebral vessels including supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA), M1, and A1 on the right and M1 on the left. By ten days, the patient's headaches had resolved and repeat angiography was normal. CONCLUSION: RSCV should be considered in a child with thunderclap headache.
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ranking = 1.6
keywords = headache
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5/7. Successful treatment of hypnic headache with topiramate: a case report.

    Hypnic headache is a rare cause of benign headache in the elderly. This is a clinical report of a 67-year-old housewife, suffering from hypnic headache, in which topiramate yielded a successful prophylactic effect at 100 mg/day.
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ranking = 1.4
keywords = headache
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6/7. Headache in patients with baroreflex failure.

    Two cases of baroreflex failure presented with tension-type/exertional headache. The usefulness of noninvasive physiological tests in diagnosing baroreflex failure and the role of baroreceptors in trigeminal nociception are discussed.
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ranking = 0.2
keywords = headache
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7/7. Nummular headache: three new cases.

    Nummular headache is proposed as a distinct type of headache in the appendix of the second edition of the International classification of headache disorders (ICHD-II). It is a chronic condition, with the following characteristics: pain is felt on a small circumscribed cranial area; pain is of mild to moderate intensity; there is no evidence of a structural abnormality. Herein, three cases fulfilling the ICHD-II proposed criteria (code A13.7.1) for nummular headache are reported.
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ranking = 1.4
keywords = headache
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