1/107. Acute gastroenteritis in children.BACKGROUND: Acute gastroenteritis is a common childhood illness. Most cases are caused by rotavirus infection. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the classic presentation of gastroenteritis in children, which includes a short history of vomiting followed by diarrhoea. DISCUSSION: dehydration is the main problem in children with gastroenteritis, and severe dehydration is a medical emergency. Mild to moderately dehydrated children can be safely treated at home with oral rehydration therapy, however parents require careful explanation of the disease, its course and potential complications. Early reintroduction of usual foods (breast milk, formula or solids) has been shown to shorten the illness. Babies may need to be reviewed within 8 hours and older children within a day.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/107. Human infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus in czechoslovakia.vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated in two subjects with acute gastroenteritis. The patients' history included stay in pakistan or india. They probably contracted the infection on board an aeroplane where they ingested cold meal containing sea products. The possibility of this conditioned pathogen occurring also in an inland country is pointed out.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/107. aeromonas sobria infection with severe soft tissue damage and segmental necrotizing gastroenteritis in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.A 49-year-old man, who had a 3-year history of liver dysfunction but had not been treated, was admitted to the hospital with a sudden onset of fever and generalized muscle pain. He subsequently developed generalized purpura with scattered hemorrhagic bullae of the skin and massive bloody stools. aeromonas sobria was proven by culture of both blood and bullous fluid. In spite of the extensive treatment with antibiotics and other medications in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient went into septic shock and died 2 days after admission. Pathological examination on autopsy revealed segmental necrotizing gastroenteritis with bacterial colonies and alcoholic liver cirrhosis, in addition to extensive severe soft tissue damage involving cellulitis and rhabdomyolysis and epidermolysis. Although the prognosis for vibrio vulnificus infection with severe soft tissue damage in patients with liver cirrhosis, malignancy, diabetes mellitus or other pre-existing diseases is poor, the unfavorable progression of aeromonas species, especially A. sobria infection is rare. This is thought to be the first report of an autopsied case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/107. Astrovirus enteritis in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient treated with fludarabine monophosphate.We report on a case of severe astrovirus gastroenteritis in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient treated with fludarabine monophosphate (FAMP). Astrovirus was detected in stools using both an immunoenzymatic assay and an electronic microscopy analysis. Treatment consisted in symptomatic care and the outcome was favorable. Astrovirus infection might constitute a common etiology of gastroenteritis in patients with hematologic malignancies that have been severely immunocompromised with FAMP or other purine analogues, and therefore should be more systematically investigated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/107. Spontaneous rupture of the liver associated with a primary angiosarcoma: case report.A case of fatal spontaneous rupture of the liver caused by primary angiosarcoma is described. Spontaneous rupture of the liver is a rare clinical and pathological entity associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Possible causes include infections such as hydatid disease, infiltrating conditions such as amyloidosis, inflammatory disorders such as the vasculitides, malignant and benign tumors, and tumorlike conditions. As in the case presented, the finding of a ruptured liver raises the possibility of blunt abdominal trauma, and the circumstances and scene should be assessed. The possibility of terminal resuscitation attempts should also be considered as a possible cause.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/107. infant hypernatremia: a case report.A 7-month-old infant presented to the emergency department with diarrhea, vomiting, and decreased activity. The infant was febrile, tachycardic, tachypneic, lethargic, and had a prolonged capillary refill. Initial serum sodium was 197 mmol/L. Ultimately, the infant was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus complicated by severe dehydration secondary to rotavirus infection. A brief review of infant hypernatremia and its evaluation and treatment in the emergency department follows.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/107. Allergic reaction to gemfibrozil manifesting as eosinophilic gastroenteritis.Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare condition of unknown etiology characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Previous associations with a drug or food allergy, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and elevated IgE levels suggest an atopic predisposition in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Diagnostic criteria are GI symptoms, eosinophilic infiltration proven by biopsy of the GI tract, and absence of parasitic infection. We describe a case of EGE manifested as an allergy to gemfibrozil.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/107. Neonatal Type I diabetes associated with maternal echovirus 6 infection: a case report.AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Neonatal diabetes mellitus is rare, and it has not been associated with beta-cell autoimmunity. Enteroviral infections during pregnancy have been implicated as a risk factor for the later development of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. We now report of a baby girl who was born severely growth-retarded with neonatal insulin-deficient diabetes, and look for evidence of intrauterine enteroviral infections and beta-cell targeted autoimmunity. methods: Diabetes-associated autoimmunity was studied by measurement of several types of islet cell reactive autoantibodies. The infant's T-cell responses to insulin and enterovirus antigens were recorded and enterovirus antibodies were measured both from the mother and the child. RESULTS: Several types of diabetes-associated autoantibodies were detected postnatally, including insulin autoantibodies, conventional islet cell autoantibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, whereas no autoantibodies were observed in the mother. The infant's T-cells showed reactivity to insulin and purified enterovirus particles. Based on serological studies, the pathogenetic process could have been triggered by an echovirus 6 infection during pregnancy. The patient's diabetes has been permanent, although there were signs of endogenous insulin production for several months. exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was diagnosed at the age of 1 year. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: These observations suggests that enteroviral infections may induce beta-cell autoimmunity even in utero.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/107. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a patient of acute renal failure.mucormycosis is the name for invasive fungal infection caused by mucorales. The disease is uncommon and produces serious and rapidly fatal infection in patients with serious pre-existing illness. The classical presentation of rhinocerebral mucormycosis is involvement of nasal mucosa with invasion of paranasal sinuses and orbit. We report a case of mucormycosis in an otherwise healthy female who had developed acute renal failure following gastroenteritis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/107. rotavirus infection as cause of tacrolimus elevation in solid-organ-transplanted children.rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of diarrheal illness in children. We report three solid-organ-transplanted patients in whom RV infection caused increased trough levels of the immunosuppressive macrolide tacrolimus (TAC) by mechanisms that are still under investigation. The virus was detected for longer in the feces of these patients than in infants not receiving immunosuppressive therapy. In association with short-term monitoring of blood trough levels of TAC, the dosage should be reduced early if symptoms of an acute gastroenteritis are present.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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