1/110. Localized pneumocephalus caused by clostridium perfringens meningitis.Clostridium meningitis is a rare complication of elective surgery, but the presence of pneumocephalus on CT in the absence of penetrating injuries, should raise the possibility of anaerobic infections. We report a case of fatal clostridium perfringens meningitis which occurred 4 months after a craniotomy for glioblastoma multiforme. The diagnosis was suspected based on the CT findings. The literature of this rare condition is reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/110. gas gangrene in a patient with severe haemophilia A.The haemophilia patient tends to live a more protected life than his normal counterpart, this is particularly so in underdeveloped and developing countries where due to poor health infrastructure, financial constraints and nonavailability of factor concentrates, patients quickly learn that they need to live a protected life. Under such circumstances, gas gangrene seems to be a very unusual infection for this group of patients. We report here a 25-year-old male with severe haemophilia who developed gas gangrene due to inadequate medical management following a road traffic accident. Subsequently, his affected limb was salvaged by conservative therapy. A literature search failed to reveal any reports of similar patients in the English literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/110. Clostridial infection in total hip joint replacement: a report of two cases.Two cases of clostridial cellulitis are presented in patients who had Charnley total hip joint replacement for severe osteoarthritis. Early deep infection can be a major problem in this operation, and is usually due to staphylococcus aureus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/110. Non-traumatic gas gangrene in the abdomen: report of six autopsy cases.Six autopsy cases of non-traumatic gas gangrene in the abdomen are reported. Five of the six were caused by clostridia, as identified by culture or histology. There were associated underlying diseases, such as alcoholism, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, and malignant disease. Three of the six patients had gas gangrene in the liver. Bacterial proliferation and gas accumulation were found in the sinusoids of the liver, and congestion and edema with extensive gas embolism were found in the lungs. Pulmonary gas embolism was considered to be the direct cause of death in these three patients. The other three patients had intestinal clostridial gas gangrene, with alcoholism as an underlying condition. None of the six patients was clinically diagnosed as having gas gangrene. We suggest that gas gangrene should be considered in any patient with abdominal infection. A review of 19 autopsy cases of gas gangrene in the abdomen reported in the Japanese literature is also presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/110. Clostridial sepsis: is death avoidable?Massive intravascular hemolysis is a rare yet often fatal complication of clostridial sepsis. The only chance for survival is an early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment. We report a rapidly fatal case who developed electrocardiographic changes of acute myocardial injury. autopsy showed gas-filled bubbles and cysts in the myocardium partially filled with sporulating bacilli with the morphology of clostridia. Gas filled bubbles were also present in the lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen. The gastric mucosa showed hemorrhagic and necrotizing changes, the probable site of entry of the infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/110. Spontaneous bifocal clostridium septicum gas gangrene.clostridium septicum gas gangrene (myonecrosis) is an acutely painful and rapidly fatal infection occurring in the absence of trauma. Urgent surgery is essential both to control pain and to ensure survival. Most patients who develop this infection have an underlying malignancy and clinicians should be aware of this association. We present a case of bifocal myonecrosis which to our knowledge has not been reported previously.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/110. Two gas-gangrene-like infections due to bacillus cereus.Two cases of postoperative gas-gangrene-like infection due to bacillus cereus are reported, drawing attention to the fact that bacillus cereus, a common environmental bacterium, can occasionally give rise to severe post-operative infection. Characteristics of the organism related to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of such infections are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/110. Common and uncommon infections of the hand.Most serious hand infections are preventable at this time if proper prophylaxis is maintained with regard to the hands and if the precursor conditions-mild inflammations and infections-are quickly and appropriately treated. In those few serious hand infections that still occur, a judicious combination of medical, surgical, and rehabilitative measures should preserve normal or at least reasonable function in practically all instances.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/110. treatment outcome of nonclostridial gas gangrene at a Level 1 trauma center.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of treatment of nonclostridial gas gangrene at a Level 1 trauma center. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Level 1 trauma center. patients: Seven patients with nonclostridial gas gangrene were studied. The average age of all patients at the time of admission was 40.3 years (range 14 to 67 years). RESULTS: Three of seven patients had posttraumatic infection, and the remaining four were strongly associated with underlying diseases: diabetes mellitus in three and paraplegia as the result of a spinal cord injury in two. The time of symptom onset was clearly defined in four cases, and the average interval between symptom onset and transfer to our hospitals was six days (range 2 to 10 days). Surgical debridement was performed immediately on admission in six patients (86 percent). A triple antibiotic regimen consisting of penicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin was used initially in all patients. In three patients, hyperbaric oxygen therapy was also used. The overall mortality rate was 42.9 percent (three of seven patients). In these patients, the interval from onset of symptom to transfer to our hospital was ten days in one patient, which was longer than average, and was not accurately known in the other two patients. CONCLUSION: Nonclostridial gas gangrene is extremely rare but life-threatening. The greatest pitfall for the emergency department physician is failure to suspect it clinically. Aggressive treatment, including surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotics with or without hyperbaric oxygen therapy, must be initiated immediately to minimize morbidity and mortality.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/110. Nontraumatic clostridial myonecrosis: an indication for colonoscopy?Clostridial myonecrosis (CM) is a rare infection that usually arises after traumatic injury. Spontaneous or nontraumatic CM is even more rare and has been described in association with colorectal malignancy. These infections carry a high mortality rate and require urgent surgical intervention and intensive antibiotic therapy. This report describes a patient who presented with nontraumatic CM of the lower extremity in association with adenocarcinoma of the cecum.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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