Cases reported "Gallbladder Neoplasms"

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1/74. Advanced adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder with bilio-biliary fistula: an uncommon case treated by hepatopancreatoduodenectomy.

    A 70 year-old female, who presented with jaundice and abdominal pain, was found to have an advanced gallbladder cancer involving the liver parenchyma, duodenum, and transverse colon. This was complicated by a bilio-biliary fistula between the gallbladder and both the right and left hepatic ducts. After obtaining an accurate pre-operative diagnosis, the patient underwent hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) with lymph node dissection around the hepatic pedicle, celiac trunk, aorta, and inferior vena cava. Histologic examination revealed adenosquamous carcinoma. This rare variant accounts for 3.5% of gallbladder cancers, and is associated with a worse prognosis than adenocarcinoma. The patient is in good condition without any signs of recurrence 42 months after the HPD. In this case report, we discuss the histological type and internal biliary fistula with regard to the literature, and the usefulness of an aggressive surgical procedure such as HPD with extended lymph node dissection which can improve survival and quality of life in selected patients.
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2/74. Gallbladder carcinoma with choledochoduodenal fistula: a case report with surgical treatment.

    A 79 year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of upper abdominal pain and nausea. A mobile tumor was palpable in the right upper abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and celiac angiography revealed a gallbladder tumor. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a fistula 1.5 cm oral to the orifice of the papilla of Vater, dilatation of the common bile duct, and a filling defect in the gallbladder. Pancreatoduodenectomy associated with reconstruction using Imanaga's method was performed under a pre-operative diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma with choledochoduodenal fistula. The gallbladder contained a tumor and two bilirubin stones impacted in the orifice of the duodenal papilla. Histological studies confirmed that the gallbladder tumor was a mucinous adenocarcinoma and had not infiltrated the bile duct. We speculated that choledochoduodenal fistula stimulated the development of cancer due to chronic irritation from pancreatic juice reflux.
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ranking = 32.532507329837
keywords = upper abdominal pain, abdominal pain, upper
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3/74. Gonadal vein graft for hepatic artery reconstruction.

    BACKGROUND/AIMS: Resection of hepatic arteries is often obligatory on resecting pancreatic, gastric and hepatobiliary malignancies. hepatic artery reconstruction is required to preserve liver function and blood flow to the bile duct. We applied the gonadal vein to hepatic artery reconstruction. METHODOLOGY: hepatic artery reconstruction using a gonadal vein graft was performed in two patients: one with gallbladder cancer and the other with recurrent gastric cancer. RESULTS: The right ovarian vein, 2 mm in diameter and 4 cm in length, was grafted for reconstruction between the proper hepatic and the posterior hepatic artery in one patient who underwent modified central hepatic bisegmetectomy and common bile duct resection. The left spermatic vein, 3 mm in diameter and 6 cm in length, was grafted for reconstruction between the celiac artery and the right hepatic artery in the other, who underwent upper abdominal exenteration. The former graft was occluded due to tumor invasion at 4 months after surgery, the latter one was patent at 8 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The gonadal vein had an ideal diameter and sufficient length to accomplish hepatic arterial reconstruction. The gonadal vein graft will be a new and preferable addition to the selection of an optimal graft for hepatic arterial reconstruction.
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keywords = upper
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4/74. Double cancer of the gallbladder and common bile duct associated with an anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction without a choledochal cyst: report of a case.

    We report herein the case of a 37-year-old woman found to have double cancer of the gallbladder and common bile duct associated with an anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction (APBDJ) without a choledochal cyst (CC). Abdominal ultrasonography showed an isoechoic mass in the gallbladder, and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tubography revealed incomplete obstruction in the upper portion of the common bile duct and APBDJ. The patient underwent cholecystectomy, partial hepatic resection, pancreatoduodenectomy, and portal vein reconstruction. Pathological examination of the tumors from the gallbladder and bile duct revealed papillary carcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, respectively, and direct continuity was not observed between the tumors. A review of the literature on six cases of multiple primary carcinoma of the biliary tract associated with APBDJ without CC is presented following this case report. Double cancer of the biliary tract was found synchronously in five patients and metachronously in one. Gallbladder cancer showed subserosal invasion in four patients, while bile duct cancer invaded the pancreas in one patient and reached the serosa in two patients. Considering the potential for cancer to arise in the biliary tract and the difficulties associated with monitoring it, cholecystectomy and resection of the extrahepatic common bile duct may be the most appropriate treatment for patients with an APBDJ without a CC.
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keywords = upper
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5/74. A patient with undifferentiated carcinoma of gallbladder presenting with hemobilia.

    hemobilia is relatively rare among hemorrhages in the digestive tract, and hemobilia caused by tumors of the biliary tract is particularly rare. We treated a 74-year-old-man with undifferentiated carcinoma of the gallbladder presenting with hemobilia. During hospitalization for neurogenic bladder at the Department of urology, he showed progressive anemia. Since hemorrhage in the digestive tract was suspected, endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was performed, and bleeding from the papilla of Vater was observed. On ultrasound examination, findings were indicative of cholecystic cancer, and hemorrhage from the cystic duct was found on percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. On perioral cholecystoscopy, however, masses of coagulated blood were found only in the gallbladder. Abnormalities such as dense staining of tumors or extravasation were not found on angiography. The patient died of hepatic failure due to rapid invasion of the liver by the tumor, associated with biliary infection and disseminated intravascular coagulation. At autopsy, a nodal tumor was found in the gallbladder, and the cavity of the gallbladder was filled with coagulated masses of blood. Direct invasion of the tumor to the liver, diaphragm, and transverse colon was found. The histopathological diagnosis was undifferentiated carcinoma (pleomorphic large-cell type).
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ranking = 0.045751286448289
keywords = upper
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6/74. Primary carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder: resection of a case metastasizing to the liver and analysis of outcomes.

    Gallbladder carcinoid tumor is a rare and aggressive neoplasm, usually lacking specific symptoms, as they typically are unassociated with the carcinoid syndrome, despite frequent hepatic spread. The patient was an 81-year-old man with right upper quadrant pain who underwent radical surgery for carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder with liver metastasis (preoperative diagnosis, carcinoma). We analyzed the outcome of previously reported cases of gallbladder carcinoid. Increasing tumor size and depth of invasion progressively compromised the 2-year survival. These findings underscore the importance of early detection.
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keywords = upper
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7/74. Fine needle aspiration cytodiagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. Report of two cases.

    BACKGROUND: Cytologic descriptions of the diagnosis of the rare primary carcinoma of the gallbladder are sparse. The obstacles to the diagnosis are ascribed to vague symptoms and inaccessibility of the gallbladder to biopsy. We describe two cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder that were diagnosed using fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. CASES: Both patients were elderly females with vague symptoms of abdominal pain, jaundice, loss of weight, anorexia and mild fever. Imaging studies showed enlargement of the gallbladder with a soft tissue mass in the fundus and abnormally thickened wall, indicative of a tumor. Also, in case 1, gallstones and enlarged, matted paraaortic and porta hepatis lymph nodes were present. FNA of the gallbladder was done after selection of a suitable puncture site and needle positioning, which was confirmed by computed tomography. The aspirated material was collected as needle and syringe washings, and from half the material filter preparations were made and stained for cytologic study, while the remainder was used for making cell blocks for histologic study. Both cases showed cytohistologic features of a moderately well differentiated, necrotizing squamous cell carcinoma characterized by keratinizing malignant cells with orangeophilic cytoplasm. In both cases immunostaining for high-molecular-weight keratins (AE1/AE3) and cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) was positive, while staining for carcinoembryonic antigen, B72.3 and other markers was negative. CONCLUSION: This study further confirmed that with the widespread use of more-sophisticated imaging techniques, the gallbladder is becoming more readily accessible to visualization. In view of this, FNA cytodiagnosis holds promise as a noninvasive technique in the diagnosis of gallbladder neoplasms.
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keywords = abdominal pain
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8/74. Cancer of the gallbladder associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction without bile duct dilatation in a european patient.

    A rare case of pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) without dilatation of the biliary tract (DBT) associated with gallbladder carcinoma is described herein. A 62-year-old European woman with a long history of right upper abdominal pain was diagnosed as having PBM without DBT by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and other examinations. Excision of the gallbladder and biliary duct with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed, and subsequent pathological examination of the surgical specimen showed a well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. She had no clinical symptoms for 58 months postoperatively. PBM allows reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract. Recent findings support the idea that epithelial hyperplasia plays an important role in gallbladder carcinogenesis with PBM, and also support the concept that gene mutations are involved in the carcinogenesis of biliary epithelium in patients with PBM. For these reasons, we advocate that resection of the extrahepatic biliary tract in PBM patients without bile duct dilatation, rather than cholecystectomy alone, is the treatment of choice for preventing bile duct carcinoma.
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ranking = 32.486756043389
keywords = upper abdominal pain, abdominal pain, upper
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9/74. Acute cholecystitis caused by a cholesterol polyp.

    A 39-year-old man hospitalized with upper abdominal pain had been found to have a 3mm polyp in the body of the gallbladder 3 years previously. Laboratory tests on admission showed mild liver dysfunction. ultrasonography depicted a dilated gallbladder with increased wall thickness; the polyp could no longer be seen. Computed tomography with drip infusion cholangiography again showed a dilated gallbladder, and also stenosis of the distal cystic duct. The resected specimen obtained by laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed disappearance of the polyp from the body of the gallbladder. A cholesterol stone was incarcerated in the cystic duct, representing an impacted detached cholesterol polyp causing acute cholecystitis. Spontaneous detachment of a cholesterol polyp from the gallbladder mucosa, then, can result in acute cholecystitis.
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ranking = 32.486756043389
keywords = upper abdominal pain, abdominal pain, upper
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10/74. A case of hemorrhagic gallbladder paraganglioma causing acute cholecystitis.

    Gallbladder paraganglioma is a very rare tumor and so far only a few cases have been reported. Most of these were asymptomatic and were found incidentally during operation. Recently, we experienced a gallbladder paraganglioma that gave rise to hemorrhage, which in turn caused acute cholecystitis. Our case involved a 45 year-old female patient complaining of an intermittent right upper abdominal pain. After a preoperative evaluation, cholecystectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed under the impression of gallbladder cancer with acute cholecystitis. Postoperative pathologic examination revealed a hemorrhagic gallbladder paraganglioma accompanied by acute cholecystitis. Immunohistochemical staining of the chief cells for neuron specific enolase, chromogranin and synaptophysin were positive. Sustentacular cells also stained positively for S100 protein.
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ranking = 32.486756043389
keywords = upper abdominal pain, abdominal pain, upper
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