Cases reported "Equinus Deformity"

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1/13. Fibular nonunion and equinovarus deformity secondary to posterior tibial tendon incarceration in the syndesmosis: a case report after a bimalleolar fracture-dislocation.

    A 39-year-old woman sustained a grade II open bimalleolar fracture-dislocation of the left ankle. Six months after an ORIF of these fractures was performed, she presented with a nonunion of the distal fibula fracture and with a fixed hindfoot equinovarus and forefoot adduction deformity. At surgery for repair of the fibular nonunion, the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) was found to be entrapped in the posterior tibiotalar joint, with a portion of the tendon interposed between the tibia and the fibula in the area of the posterior syndesmosis. After extrication of the PTT, the hindfoot varus and forefoot adduction deformity were corrected. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the English literature of a missed PTT syndesmotic entrapment that resulted in a fibular nonunion and in a fixed foot deformity after an open bimalleolar ankle fracture dislocation.
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2/13. Foot deformity in frontometaphyseal dysplasia (Gorlin-Cohen syndrome): a case report.

    A case of frontometaphyseal dysplasia (Gorlin-Cohen syndrome) in a child is described. The boy showed characteristic musculoskeletal changes, and had bilateral symptomatic cavovarus deformities of the feet. Surgical management of the foot deformities and the outcome are discussed.
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3/13. Treatment of severe equinus deformity associated with extensive scarring of the leg.

    Nine severe equinus deformities of the foot associated with extensive scarring of the leg and ankle were corrected using a hinged Ilizarov apparatus and free-tissue transfer. The average duration of followup was 38 months (range, 28-54 months). Free tissue transfer was done in all patients; a parascapular flap was used in seven patients, and a groin flap was used in two patients. The results were evaluated using two objective criteria and one subjective assessment: the degree of active dorsiflexion, the range of active movement of the ankle, and daily activities. For active dorsiflexion of the ankle and activities, the results were good in seven patients and fair in two patients. For range of active motion of the ankle, the results were good in six patients and fair in two patients. One patient with ankle arthrodesis was excluded. This study showed that severe equinus deformities associated with extensive scarring of the leg and ankle can be corrected effectively with heel cord lengthening, free-tissue transfer, and a hinged ilizarov technique.
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4/13. Roberts syndrome, normal cell division, and normal intelligence.

    Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome (RS) is an autosomal recessive disorder of symmetric limb defects, craniofacial abnormalities, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, and mental retardation. patients with RS have been reported to have premature separation of heterochromatin of many chromosomes and abnormalities in the cell-division cycle. No case has been reported who had normal intelligence and normal cell division with typical clinical features of the RS. We report a case of a six-year-old male of clinical and radiologic findings of typical RS with normal cell division and normal intelligence.Although he showed growth retardation, his intelligence was normal. Van Den Berg and Francke later reported that 79 out of 100 cases of Roberts syndrome had premature cell separation (PCS). We think that this case may demonstrate severe expression of the Roberts syndrome even though PCS is not exhibited. The limb involvement of this case was symmetrical, and he showed phocomelia of upper limbs, equinus valgus deformity of ankle, aplasia of fibula, and shortness of fifth toes while his hands and feet were normal with 5 rays each. craniofacial abnormalities of this case were typical; he showed scaphocephaly, mild hypertelorism, mandibular hypoplasia, dysplastic helix of ear, narrowing of external auditory canal, and cleft palate with wide gap.This report supports the theory that normal intelligence can make social-personal adjustment possible even if all of the stigmata of Roberts syndrome is present.
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5/13. The effect of ankle equinus upon the diabetic foot.

    The association between ankle equinus and common foot pathologies such as Achilles tendinitis, metatarsalgia, Morton's neuroma, hallux abductovalgus, and plantar fasciitis has been described. However, the association between ankle equinus and diabetic foot pathology has only been recognized recently. Over half of the non-traumatic amputations occurring in the united states are related to complications of diabetes. It is imperative that risk factors for lower extremity ulceration and amputation are identified and addressed. This article reviews the effect of ankle equinus deformity on the diabetic foot and the available treatment options. New data on the prevalence of equinus in a population of patients with diabetes are also presented.
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6/13. Ilizarov treatment for equinoplanovalgus foot deformity caused by melorheostosis.

    melorheostosis often is disabling because of progressive contracture of the joint and soft tissue involved. Operative intervention often is hazardous and patients also have recurrences. A 14-year, 2-month-old boy, who presented with a recurrent equinoplanovalgus deformity of the right foot caused by melorheostosis, was treated successfully using the ilizarov technique, including distraction osteotomy in the calcaneus. The patient had a painless, plantigrade, and functional foot at age 18 years.
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ranking = 0.71428571428571
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7/13. Toe-walking attributable to venous malformation of the calf muscle.

    Soft tissue venous malformations of muscles may produce musculoskeletal deformities caused by contracture of the involved muscle. When the venous malformation involves the flexor muscles of the leg, equinus deformity and toe-walking may occur. Three patients with unilateral toe-walking secondary to venous malformation of the calf muscle, showing the classic presentation of this unusual condition, are presented. Several methods of treating the deformity and the underlying venous malformation are discussed, and the current literature on intramuscular venous malformations, including their natural history, diagnoses, treatment options, and outcomes, is reviewed. Based on our experience and review of the literature, percutaneous sclerotherapy may be a viable option for treatment of venous malformations of the calf musculature that result in a toe-walking deformity.
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ranking = 0.42857142857143
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8/13. Tonic dystonia: an uncommon complication of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A review of five cases.

    Tonic dystonia is an underrecognized complication of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) characterized by an increase in muscle tone at the site of injury. Case-reports.- We describe five cases of tonic dystonia complicating RSDS of the lower extremity. There were four women and one man, with a mean age of 52 years. In addition to the typical features of RSDS, the patients had fixed equinovarus of the foot with hyperextension or hyperflexion of the great toe. In two patients, examination after spinal anesthesia showed that the deformity was reducible. Spontaneous resolution of the dystonia occurred in one patient. Another patient failed to experience meaningful improvement after a motor block followed by botulinic toxin injections. In two patients, the same treatment was followed by a slight improvement. Treatment options are still being evaluated in the last patient. Discussion.- Tonic dystonia is an underrecognized complication of RSDS that often develops after a minor injury yet causes prolonged pain and disability. Spread of the dystonia to other sites is not infrequent. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear but may involve dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system or psychogenic factors. Suggested treatments include motor block, intrathecal baclofen, sympathetic block, and sympathectomy. However, none of these treatments has been proved effective. Conclusion.- The five cases described here provide useful information on RSDS-associated tonic dystonia, a condition that runs a protracted course and remains difficult to manage.
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keywords = deformity
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9/13. equinus deformity as a factor in forefoot nerve entrapment: treatment with endoscopic gastrocnemius recession.

    Forefoot nerve entrapments are common, and they are usually mistakenly categorized under the misnomer of "Morton's neuroma." Although the complete etiology of these forefoot entrapments is still not known, exogenous mechanical factors must be considered when patients present with clinical signs of forefoot nerve entrapment. It has been well established that equinus deformity can increase plantar forefoot pressures. This article provides a brief overview of equinus deformity as it relates to forefoot pathology, specifically, its mechanical contribution to forefoot nerve entrapment, and the use of endoscopic gastrocnemius recession for the treatment of forefoot nerve entrapment.
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ranking = 0.85714285714286
keywords = deformity
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10/13. Transient talipes equinus deformity of bilateral lower limbs following malignant hyperthermia: a case report and review of literature.

    malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal disease triggered by general anaesthesia. Four cases of compartment syndrome complicating MH have been reported. We report here a case of transient talipes equinus deformity of bilateral lower limbs, a condition similar to compartment syndrome, following MH in a previously healthy pediatric patient. MRI revealed high intensity in the bilateral soleus muscles but not in the gastrocnemius muscles. We discuss the possible mechanisms of the deformity of the lower limbs after the MH crisis.
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ranking = 0.85714285714286
keywords = deformity
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