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1/4. Complex regional pain syndrome with selective emotional sudomotor failure.

    We report a patient with sympathetically maintained pain following a mild limb injury. Only emotional sudomotor failure was found in the painful limb. Thermoregulatory vasomotor function was intact. However, the patient had other target-specific sympathetic lesions, including thermoregulatory vasomotor failure in a different limb, not associated with pain. We hypothesize that the sympathetic failure preceded the symptoms and that the mild injury may have provoked collateral sprouting of emotional sudomotor fibres, coupling them with somatic sensory fibres to cause continuous pain.
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2/4. Complex regional pain syndrome after hepatitis b vaccine.

    Complex regional pain syndrome, characterized by pain, autonomic dysfunction, and decreased range of motion, developed after hepatitis b vaccination in four grade-6 children since the introduction of the vaccination program in british columbia in 1992. The reaction may result from injection trauma or may be secondary to a vaccine constituent.
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3/4. Complex regional pain syndrome as a stress response.

    A man in his 50's with a prior traumatic brain injury and multiple psychiatric disorders developed acute pain and swelling in his left leg distal to the mid shin. These symptoms arose during an exacerbation of his post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Among his traumatic memories, he reported having witnessed the combat injury and death of a friend who had lost his left leg distal to the mid shin. A diagnosis of conversion disorder was technically excluded because the findings met criteria for Complex Regional Pain syndrome (CRPS) type I. Based on recent research into the neurobiology of CRPS, PTSD and conversion disorder, we propose a supraspinal mechanism which could explain how emotional stress can produce both symptoms and signs.
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4/4. Complex regional pain syndrome after transradial cardiac catheterization.

    Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disease with unclear pathophysiology. The condition is characterized by pain, soft tissue change, vasomotor change, and even psychosocial disturbance. It may affect the upper more than the lower extremities, and the distal more than the proximal. The trigger factors include carpal tunnel release, Dupuytren's repair, tendon release procedures, knee surgery, crush injury, ankle arthrodesis, amputation, and hip arthroplasty. Rarely, it has been associated with stroke, mastectomy, pregnancy, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Herein, we present a rare case of a patient who was diagnosed with CRPS after transradial cardiac catheterization. CRPS was first diagnosed due to hand swelling, allodynia, paresthesia, and the limited range of motion of interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints, with the preceding factor of transradial cardiac catheterization, and was then confirmed by a three-phase bone scan. After intensive physical therapy with hydrotherapy, manual soft tissue release, and occupational therapy for the hand function, there was much improvement in range of motion and hand function. There was no allodynia or painful sensation in the follow-up. After training, the functional status of this patient was adequate for daily activity.
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