1/9. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: report of two cases and a discussion of clinicopathology.Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a recently delineated but poorly recognized form of multifocal leukoplakia that is premalignant and of unproven origin. PVL generally presents as a simple benign form of hyperkeratosis that tends to spread and become diffuse. Although slow-growing, the disease is persistent and irreversible. Clinically, PVL often presents as an exophytic wart-like form of leukoplakia that appears to be resistant to nearly all forms of therapy. PVL of the oral cavity is best-defined as a continuum of oral epithelial disease with hyperkeratosis at one end of a clinical and microscopic spectrum and verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma at the other. The microscopic findings associated with PVL are dependent on the stage of the disease and the adequacy of the biopsy. Microscopic findings can be markedly variable. PVL is a clinicopathologic disorder that includes the microscopic entity known as verrucous hyperplasia as a component of its histopathologic progression. This article reports on two cases of PVL, describes the clinicopathology of the disease process, and presents therapeutic and etiologic considerations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Malignant transformation in congenital sebaceous naevi in childhood.Sebaceous naevi are uncommon congenital skin lesions with a well-recognised potential for neoplastic change. They should be considered premalignant lesions as malignant degeneration, most commonly basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, occurs with a lifetime risk of between 5% and 22%. This incidence is equal to that of actinic keratosis and exceeds that of oral leukoplakia. Such change, however, is rare before puberty. Basal cell carcinoma may develop in children with naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum and rarely de novo but sebaceous naevus is the only solitary lesion in childhood associated with the development of basal cell carcinoma. We present two cases of malignant transformation in a congenital sebaceous naevus occurring in childhood and review the literature and discuss the evidence upon which to base management guidelines.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14285714285714keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a case report.Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a particularly aggressive form of oral leukoplakia that is resistant to treatment and presents a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. This article describes the microscopic and clinical characteristics of one case of PVL, which initially presented as hyperkeratosis with mild dysplasia and posteriorly developed multifocal areas and verrucous carcinoma despite treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.85714285714286keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral carcinoma: a ten years follow-up.The authors present a case of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) in a 78-year-old man. It was initially presented as leukoplakia on the tongue but a microscopic investigation in 1991 revealed it to be a mild epithelial dysplasia. After 5 years of follow-up, the lesion presented changes in size and location, and a recidivant behavior. In 1996, a red granular and indurated area that appeared on the tongue was found to be a microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma when microscopically investigated. After a review of the clinicopathologic behavior of this entity, the authors concluded that it was a typical PVL, whose diagnosis is difficult and retrospective, as indicated by others. The authors emphasize the importance of periodic detailed clinical and histological examination of this type of lesions in order to detect early signs of malignancy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.85714285714286keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: an aggressive form of oral leukoplakia.Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an aggressive form of oral leukoplakia that is persistent, often multifocal, and refractory to treatment with a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. This article describes the clinical aspects and histologic features of a case that demonstrated the typical behavior pattern in a long-standing, persistent lesion of PVL of the mandibular gingiva and that ultimately developed into squamous cell carcinoma. prognosis is poor for this seemingly harmless-appearing white lesion of the oral mucosa.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4285714285714keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and field cancerization: report of a case.Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a multi-focal oral pre-malignant lesion, proliferative in nature, with a tendency to recur despite adequate therapy, and a high rate of malignant transformation. The field cancerization phenomenon may explain the characteristic behaviour of PVL. A case of PVL is presented and the field cancerization concept is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.71428571428571keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. Transformation of oral lichen planus to squamous cell carcinoma: a literature review and report of case.We have presented a case of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus along with a review of the literature and a brief description of the disease. We have attempted to indicate that within defined terms, oral lichen planus should be considered a pre-malignant lesion in which incidence of transformation approaches that of clinical oral leukoplakia, yet is clearly distinctive from that disease with regard to age and sex distribution. The erosive form of oral lichen planus most often precedes carcinomatous change. A protocol is described for documentation and periodic follow-up procedures for such patients to possibly intercept a developing malignancy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14285714285714keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Four cases with flow cytometric analysis.Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a slow-growing but highly aggressive precancerous form of leukoplakia of unknown cause. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is though to possess a continuous spectrum of clinical and histopathologic expression, ranging from simple hyperkeratosis to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. early diagnosis is difficult because of an initial innocuous character, but multiple and rapid multifocal warty recurrences are common. This article reports four additional archival cases of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to determine if flow cytometric analysis can be useful in the early diagnosis of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens (N = 27). Flow cytometric analysis results showed dna aneuploid cell lines in each proliferative verrucous leukoplakia case studied (dna index range, 1.1 to 2.6). In all four patients the abnormal cell line dna index appeared to be maintained throughout the sampling period. The results suggest flow cytometric analysis could be a possible aid in early recognition of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and might enable aggressive therapy at an earlier stage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5714285714286keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. Malignant transformation of leukoplakia three times in period of 11-years--case report.leukoplakia is a commonly occurring precancerous lesion. The following case report describes a patient who had multiple leukoplakia in this mouth. He had three sites of leukoplakia, the left hard palate, the gum of the right maxilla and the gum of the left mandible, all of which underwent malignant transformation during the period of 11-years after diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.85714285714286keywords = leukoplakia (Clic here for more details about this article) |