1/5. carcinosarcoma of the tongue with cyclin d1 gene amplification.carcinosarcoma of the tongue is a rare malignancy and its molecular aspect is unclear. A case of carcinosarcoma of the tongue in a 51-year-old man is presented. A polypoid tumor of the tongue, measuring 12 x 12 x 6 mm, was resected. Histologically, the tumor was composed of a squamous cell carcinoma and a spindle cell sarcomatous component. We previously showed that one cell-cycle regulator, the cyclin d1 gene, was frequently amplified in esophageal carcinosarcoma, which shows the same morphologic features as carcinosarcoma of the tongue. In this case, we examined whether the cyclin d1 gene is amplified in carcinosarcoma of the tongue as well. fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the cyclin d1 gene was amplified in both components of carcinosarcoma of the tongue. The cyclin d1 protein was also detected by immunostaining in both components. Our results suggest that the amplification of cyclin d1 gene plays a role in the molecular pathogenesis of carcinosarcoma of the tongue, at least in some cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/5. Immunohistomorphologic and molecular cytogenetic analysis of a carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder.Carcinosarcomas of the urinary bladder are malignant biphasic tumors with an epithelial and a spindle cell component. For the histogenesis of the two components, a biclonal and a monoclonal origin are discussed. We present the immunomorphology and molecular cytogenetics of such a case. The immunohistology of biopsies of the urinary bladder revealed a poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma (GIII) and a co-existing pleomorphic, spindle cell leiomyosarcoma (GIII). The two components were microdissected and further analyzed for gains and losses of chromosomal material using comparative genomic hybridization. In addition, loss of heterozygosity analyses were included. The tumor components revealed as overlapping core aberrations losses on the short arm of chromosome 9 and on the long arm of chromosome 11. However, both components showed additional aberrations exclusively detected in one of the components. The occurrence of overlapping aberrations strongly argues for a monoclonal origin of this tumor with a common ancestor. The additional aberrations of the components point to an independent and divergent course of tumor progression in both components.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/5. Spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma: A case report with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and comparative genomic hybridization analyses.Spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma is a classification proposed for a group of rare odontogenic carcinomas with sarcomatoid components and is distinguished from odontogenic carcinosarcoma. We report a case of spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma of the right mandible that occurred in a 67-year-old Japanese man. growth of the tumor was destructive, there was extensive lung metastasis, and the outcome was unfavorable. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination showed the spindle-cell component of the tumor to be epithelial in character. A gain of 5q with amplification of 5q13 was detected in the tumor by comparative genomic hybridization.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/5. Hepatocellular carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: possibility of osteoclastogenesis by hepatocyte-derived cells.Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a primary osteolytic tumor that is characterized by the formation of osteoclast-like giant cells. In addition to GCT of bone, extraskeletal GCT are known to be formed in several soft tissues. Giant cells in GCT of bone were suggested to be identical to osteoclasts, but the characterization of giant cells in extraskeletal GCT remains incomplete. In this study, a case of sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells was analyzed. immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of almost all markers of osteoclasts: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, CD68, CD51, CD54 and matrix metalloprotease-9, in osteoclast-like giant cells in the tumor. in situ hybridization revealed the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa b (RANK) in the giant cells and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa b ligand (RANKL) in the tumor cells. The hepatic origin of the sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma cells was confirmed by the expression of albumin. This is the first report suggesting that hepatocyte-derived cells possess the potential for osteoclastogenesis. In addition, these findings suggest that osteoclast-like cells in the hepatocellular carcinoma were formed by the same mechanism as osteoclastogenesis in bone.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/5. Metastasizing vulvar carcinosarcoma with squamous carcinomatous and leiomyosarcomatous differentiation: genetic evidence of clonal origin.In this report, we present the first case of a vulvar carcinosarcoma with squamous carcinomatous and leiomyosarcomatous differentiation. comparative genomic hybridization was used to analyze clonality of the two tumor components. A widely identical pattern of genetic imbalances in the comparative genomic hybridization analysis in both the carcinomatous and the sarcomatous tumor component strongly supported the concept of a bidirectionally differentiated neoplasm. In both tumor components and two lymph node metastases, an amplicon was detected on chromosome 11q12-q13, homing the cyclin d1 gene locus. In contrast, exclusively in the sarcomatoid component, a characteristic amplicon on 12q13-q14 was found. The cytogenetic profile of the lymph node metastases revealed an increase in imbalances compared with the primary tumor. In summary, we found strong indications for a clonal origin of the two tumor components in a vulvar carcinosarcoma and a good correlation of the histological morphology with the pattern of genetic imbalances.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = hybridization (Clic here for more details about this article) |