1/17. Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida infection.Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, often severe infection of one or both kidneys that is most often caused by bacterial infection. Surgical intervention is often necessary. We describe a case of a diabetic patient with bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida infection that was treated conservatively. Renal function recovered almost completely in spite of giving a potential nephrotoxic drug for 6 weeks.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/17. Topical antifungal treatment cures exit-site fungal infection.Exit-site fungal infection, although rarely reported, may be a critical complication in patients on peritoneal dialysis. There is no optimal treatment of exit-site fungal infection. We report four cases of exit-site infection with Candida parapsilosis. Four-week treatment with topical sulconazole cream was administered. Fungal infection was cured in all patients but followed by exit-site bacterial infection in two patients. The topical application of sulconazole cream is recommended for exit-site fungal infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/17. Systemic Candida infections in patients with leukemia: an overview of drug therapy.Systemic fungal infections are becoming increasingly common in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving antineoplastic therapy. The presence of acute myeloid or acute lymphoid leukemia, plus the use of chemotherapy to totally ablate malignant bone marrow cells, puts patients in a protracted neutropenic state. During this profound and prolonged neutropenic phase, patients receive antibiotic therapy for suspected or identified bacterial infections. However, when fever or other signs of infection continue despite antibiotic therapy, patients frequently need to be treated for suspected or identified systemic fungal infections. These infections may occur in patients receiving either standard antileukemia therapy or research protocol therapy involving new drugs, new drug combinations, higher doses, or newer schedules of established drugs. After antifungal therapy is initiated, it may be continued postdischarge in outpatient or homecare settings. Therefore, becoming knowledgeable about antifungal therapy is important for all oncology nurses regardless of practice setting.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/17. Facial candida albicans cellulitis occurring in a patient with oral submucous fibrosis and unknown diabetes mellitus after local corticosteroid injection treatment.Facial cellulitis caused by odontogenic bacterial infection is frequently encountered; however, facial cellulitis caused by candida albicans infection is rarely found. A patient with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and unknown diabetes mellitus (DM) was treated in our out-patient dental clinic by biweekly submucosal injection of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide into bilateral buccal mucosae plus forced mouth opening performed by the two hands of the clinician. The interincisal distance of the patient improved from 28 to 48 mm after four times of steroid injection. The symptoms and signs of OSF also improved markedly. Unfortunately, facial candidal cellulitis occurred 2 months after the last time of steroid injection treatment. The infection was cured by incision and drainage, intravenous administration of amphotericin b (100 mg once a day for a week), and an appropriate medical control of DM. No recurrence of facial cellulitis was found during the follow-up period of 18 months. To prevent the occurrence of facial cellulitis after a high-dose steroid therapy, some prophylactic procedures should be taken before the initiation of the steroid treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/17. Fatal necrotizing fasciitis of dental origin.Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially fatal, acute bacterial infection characterized by extensive fascial and subcutaneous tissue necrosis. Four factors that contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of necrotizing fasciitis are: 1) delayed treatment, due to difficulty in recognizing the condition; 2) inappropriate treatment; 3) host debilitation; and 4) a polymicrobial infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/17. Candida laryngotracheitis: a complication of combined steroid and antibiotic usage in croup.The use of corticosteroids to reduce the morbidity associated with laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) has been a controversial issue for many years. Recent literature, however, does support a decreased morbidity and increased clinical response when short-term steroids are used. As a prophylactic measure against bacterial superinfection, antibiotics are commonly utilized in the treatment of croup. We present the case of an otherwise healthy infant with severe croup who was hospitalized and treated with both steroids and antibiotics. A relapse in her symptoms led to the diagnosis of candida laryngotracheitis. We recommend close monitoring of patients with croup treated aggressively with steroids and antibiotics. Steroid use should be limited to 24 h with antibiotics reserved for patients with signs of bacterial infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/17. Diagnosis and management of Candida of the nipple and breast.Diagnosis and treatment of ductal and/or nipple candidiasis in breastfeeding women is complicated by the variety of symptoms women experience. The differential diagnosis includes candidiasis of the nipple, candidiasis of the breast, bacterial infection of either nipple or breast, and other less common problems such as Raynaud's syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment are based on history, physical examination, and presenting symptomatology because cultures of breast milk are often inconclusive. Differential diagnoses and treatment options are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/17. candida albicans arteritis transmitted by conservative liquid after renal transplantation: a report of four cases and review of the literature.BACKGROUND: Mycotic arteritis and/or aneurysms are infrequent complications of renal transplantation. They are mostly secondary to bacterial infection and rarely to candida albicans. We report four cases of mycotic arteritis due to C. albicans after renal transplantation but which have been inoculated during organ harvesting or conservation. methods: In all the four cases corresponding to two independent donors, C. albicans was isolated few days later in the systematic culture of the conservative liquid. We also review the clinical features and outcomes of 13 cases previously reported in the literature. RESULTS: In two cases, the diagnosis of fungal arteritis was confirmed only during autopsy after the patient's death due to massive bleeding. In the other two cases, the diagnosis was made on the arterial section of the anastomotic wall after detransplantation for massive bleeding for arterial leakage although an immediate antifungal treatment with fluconazole and caspofungin was given and was found to be inefficient. CONCLUSION: This is a serious complication of renal transplantation because it leads to graft loss in the majority of the cases and even to death in a few cases despite an efficient and rapid treatment. Routine fungal cultures of preservation media are important for early diagnosis and timely surgical interventions are life-saving.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/17. pericarditis and pleuritis caused by extramedullary plasmacytoma.The following illustrates a case study of a 9 years-old girl with combined pericarditis and pleuritis caused by solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. pericardiocentesis and permanent thoracocentesis were performed, both yielded serohemorrhagic and serous fluid in succession. In the beginning etiological diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical pattern for tuberculosis infection and growth of three species of bacteria for bacterial infections and candida species for candidiasis. The initial treatment was in accordance with the etiological diagnosis mentioned above. The final diagnosis was establish in the fourth month after the discovery of plasmacytoma in the pleural fluid and CT scan examination disclosing masses in the right lung. Accordingly, cytostatic therapy was started. The result of therapy was very good, exudation into the pleural and pericardial sac regressed gradually and eventually ceased completely. According to the literature the prognosis of these neoplasma is good.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/17. Fungal graft infections: case report and review of the literature.Fungal intravascular graft infections are rare. In addition to our case, which forms the basis of this article, only 13 documented instances could be found in the literature in the 20-year period from 1966 to 1986. Three of these cases (21%) had both fungus and bacteria grown in culture. Candida and aspergillus species constituted most of the infecting organisms (79%). There was no obvious difference in the clinical presentations between fungal and bacterial infections. In two cases (14%), there was a strong predisposition toward fungal infection: one in a patient with pulmonary histoplasmosis and one in a patient with leukemia. Appropriate intervention appears to be graft excision and extra-anatomic bypass with concomitant therapy with amphotericin b. Survival with this approach was 84%, whereas other methods yielded a survival rate of 20%.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bacterial infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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