1/109. Carcinoma of the axillary breast.Axillary breast is one of the varieties of polymastia which is characterized by the presence of more than 2 breasts. It may cause symptoms during pregnancy, lactation, or in the premenopausal period. Unless there are obvious symptoms of lactation or the assistance of further imaging studies such as mammography and breast ultrasound, the diagnosis is often confused with subcutaneous lipoma. The incidence of axillary breast cancer is low but it should be investigated and treated properly in view of another breast cancer in the embryonic milk-line. In this paper we reviewed 4 cases of axillary breast cancer and documented some articles regarding aberrant breast and carcinoma arising from it. It is suggested that subcutaneous nodules of uncertain origin around the periphery of the breast should be viewed with suspicion and treated properly.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/109. cardiac tamponade as an unusual presentation of advanced breast cancer in pregnancy.BACKGROUND: breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in pregnancy. Though the prognosis by stage is not different from that in nonpregnant women, it is more likely to present at an advanced stage in pregnancy. CASE: A 28-year-old primigravida presented with dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. The workup revealed cardiac tamponade. pericardiocentesis and subsequent pericardial window were performed. Cytology of the pericardial fluid revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. ultrasonography displayed a right breast mass, and biopsy identified it as the primary source of the cancer. CONCLUSION: cardiac tamponade is an unusual presentation of advanced breast cancer. To the best of our knowledge, it has not previously been described as occurring in pregnancy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/109. Failure of goserelin ovarian ablation in premenopausal women with breast cancer: two case reports.OBJECTIVE: We hereby report on two patients receiving goserelin due to breast cancer in whom a failure in ovarian ablation was detected. A review of the hormonal effects of LHRH analogues is performed. case reports: CASE 1: A 36-year-old female was diagnosed with breast carcinoma and treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and goserelin. A 16-week gestation was detected after 17 months of uninterrumpted hormonal therapy at ablative doses. CASE 2: A 41-year-old female was diagnosed with breast carcinoma and treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and tamoxifen. goserelin was substituted for tamoxifen due to bone metastases and, 2 years later, a failure in ovarian ablation was confirmed after the reappearance of the patient's menses. CONCLUSIONS: goserelin-induced ovarian ablation may fail after the use of appropriate doses of this drug. We suggest a possible mechanism of hormone resistance induced by the long-term administration of LHRH analogues. No fetal damage was detected after goserelin exposure in the first 4 months of gestation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.29676206094113keywords = gestation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/109. Granulocytic sarcoma: local presentation of a systemic disease.The case of a pregnant woman with a breast mass that proved to be a granulocytic sarcoma is presented. Her systemic therapy was initiated at a time when her tumor burden was possibly relatively low and a good response to the aggressive combination chemotherapy including Daunomycin was obtained. She was successfully carried through pregnancy and delivered a normal child despite combination chemotherapy. Factors relating to her case have been reviewed in the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/109. Multimodal cancer chemotherapy during the first and second trimester of pregnancy: a case report.This paper reports treatment with combined chemotherapy during pregnancy. A 39-year-old woman with breast cancer was given adjuvant chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 6-fluorouracil from the 6th to the 24th week of gestation. The possibility of teratogenic effects on the fetus was explained to the patient however she refused to terminate the pregnancy. A 30-week male infant with only a minor malformation was delivered. The authors reviewed the literature regarding chemotherapeutic agents given during the first trimester of pregnancy. Most cytotoxic drugs have teratogenic effects on experimental animal subjects. However, actual data on human fetuses are sparse because of the variety of therapeutic regimens and the rarity of administering chemotherapy during pregnancy. The long-term effects of exposure to cytotoxic drugs in utero, needs further research.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.1483810304706keywords = pregnancy, gestation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/109. hemangiosarcoma of the breast followed by term pregnancy.AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is an unusual neoplasm which is generally associated with a dismal prognosis. Given the poor prognosis and the predominance in the third and fourth decades of life when fertility tends to decrease, reports of term pregnancies after treatment of this disease are rare. methods AND STUDY DESIGN: We report a case of angiosarcoma of the breast in a 17-year-old patient with a recurrent breast nodule treated by local surgery only. After three years of follow-up without evidence of disease recurrence she became pregnant. RESULTS: A girl weighing 2,430 g was delivered at 38 weeks and two days. The patient has been free of disease for five years now. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience of the present case shows the lack of full information about this tumor. pregnancy does not seem to interfere negatively with the course of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/109. Angiosarcoma of the breast complicating pregnancy.A 32-year-old pregnant lady presented with a rapidly enlarging right breast mass. A fine needle aspiration was suggestive of a malignant phylloides tumour. However histopathological examination after mastectomy revealed a moderately differentiated angiosarcoma. The histopathological and cytological features of this rare tumour together with the diagnostic pitfalls are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/109. breast carcinoma presenting during or shortly after pregnancy and lactation.CONTEXT: Much has been written about the clinical management and prognosis of breast carcinomas presenting during pregnancy and lactation, yet little is known about the detailed histopathology of these tumors. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether these carcinomas have any specific diagnostic features. DESIGN: A detailed histologic and immunohistochemical study of 14 cases of breast carcinoma presenting during or shortly after pregnancy or lactation was conducted. The findings were compared with a control group of 13 tumors developing in age-matched women with no recent history of pregnancy or lactation. SETTING: The histopathology department of a tertiary referral teaching hospital. RESULTS: Tumors in the pregnancy/lactation group had a significantly higher incidence of cancerization of lobules (79% vs 15%) and of grade III invasive ductal carcinomas (80% vs 33%). Tumors occurring during lactation were either totally or partly mucinous and were MUC2 positive. Tumors occurring during pregnancy, but not during lactation, were mostly estrogen and progesterone receptor negative (4/5 and 5/5, respectively). All tumors occurring during pregnancy and lactation that were tested for c-erbB-2 overexpression were negative, whereas all 4 tumors tested that occurred shortly after delivery or cessation of lactation were positive for c-erbB-2 overexpression. The incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis was high in both the study and control groups, although it was slightly higher in the control group (78% and 90%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although breast carcinomas diagnosed during or shortly after pregnancy and lactation have features in common with those developing in women of similar ages, particularly with respect to a high incidence of lymph node metastasis, the findings of this study suggest that they may also have distinct morphologic and immunohistochemical features of their own. Such features may vary according to whether the patient was pregnant, lactating, or had recently terminated her pregnancy or lactation at the time of surgical excision. Examination of more cases would help confirm these findings.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 12keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/109. breast-feeding with ectopic axillary breast tissue.Axillary breast tissue, which may be an extension of the tail of Spence, is a normal variant that has been reported in the literature relatively infrequently, although it may be present in a number of asymptomatic women. If axillary breast tissue becomes symptomatic, this usually occurs during pregnancy or immediately postpartum when a woman begins breast-feeding. Symptoms are swelling and pain due to engorgement. A literature review revealed that management is generally conservative, with cessation of breast-feeding to allow regression of the tissue. This report describes a woman who successfully pumped her axillary breasts to relieve pain and engorgement; this allowed her to continue breast-feeding for several weeks. Axillary breast tissue should be monitored for pathologic change.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/109. Postoperative tailored radiotherapy for locally advanced breast carcinoma during pregnancy: a therapeutic dilemma.A 45-year-old woman with breast carcinoma was found to be pregnant during postoperative radiotherapy. The pregnancy was desired. We performed in vivo and phantom radiation dosimetry. No effects on the embryo or treatment disadvantages for the patient were expected. Thirty-six months post partum the baby is healthy and the mother is free of disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = pregnancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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