1/29. High grade MALT-lymphoma of the breast.A 65-year-old woman presented with a rapidly growing breast tumor, initially diagnosed as a carcinoma. histology showed a breast lymphoma of high grade MALT-type. A lymphoma should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a breast tumor, because it needs a different work-up and treatment. The subgroup of NHL of Mucosa-Associated-Lymphoid-Tissue origin has different clinical behaviour, as illustrated in this report.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/29. telomerase activity in phyllodes tumours.AIMS: To investigate telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeres. Recent evidence suggests that telomerase reactivation is associated with the acquisition of immortalization and malignancy. methods: Using a sensitive PCR-based assay (the TRAP assay), we examined telomerase activity in two recurrent phyllodes tumours in two patients. RESULTS: Both tumours expressed telomerase activity. Histological examination of the lesions, according to the criteria proposed by Azzopardi and Salvadori, revealed a malignant phyllodes tumour in one patient and a benign phyllodes tumour in the other patient. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that telomerase activity may have a potential role as a prognostic marker in predicting the clinical behaviour of these rare tumours.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/29. Altered expression of p53 and its regulated proteins in phyllodes tumours of the breast.The histological characteristics of phyllodes tumours of the breast are often not related to their clinical outcome. Additional studies must therefore be performed to investigate the possible relationship of cell biological parameters to the biological behaviour of these tumours. The expression of Ki-67, p53, and its regulated proteins has been studied in 19 primary phyllodes tumours, from patients with known follow-up, using immunohistochemical and molecular biological techniques. Overexpression of the p53 protein was observed in four cases and mutation in two cases. In only one case, the sequence alteration, at codon 273, was associated with overexpression of p53 protein and with strong expression of Ki-67 (30 per cent). This alteration was found in the primary, the recurrent, and the metastatic tumour samples. Moreover, the same p53 gene mutation, Arg273Cys, was detected in all tumour samples. No mutation was found in adjacent normal breast tissue, indicating that this was an acquired mutation. Unexpectedly, strong BAX expression was observed in the primary tumour. The patient died during the follow-up period. It is concluded that p53 gene status and an accumulation of BAX, both involved in the same apoptosis-controlling pathway, may be of prognostic relevance in phyllodes tumours.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/29. Verrucous carcinoma of the female breast.Verrucous carcinoma is a rare skin malignancy of squamous cell origin. It is characterised by negligible cellular atypia and a low mitotic rate. These are reflected in slow locally invasive behaviour and very infrequent metastatic spread. The tumour is also recognised in oral and anogenital sites. Cutaneous lesions present most commonly on the sole of the foot. We report a unique case occurring in the female breast.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/29. Mixed apocrine/endocrine ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast coexistent with lobular carcinoma in situ.An unusual mixed form of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is described, which exhibits a biphenotypic morphology encompassing a range of differential diagnostic DCIS subtypes. In addition, immunophenotypic and ultrastructural studies demonstrate neuroendocrine and apocrine differentiation, raising questions regarding appropriate classification and biological behaviour. In two cases, coexistence of this mixed form of DCIS with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) in the same duct lobular units is an additional unusual feature that might, at least in some cases, indicate a closer relation between them.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/29. Intraductal papilloma and papillomatosis.The benign papillary neoplasms of the breast are still controversial topics in general surgery. There are two forms of the benign papillary lesions, solitary intraductal papilloma and multiple intraductal papilloma. These disorders are very rare and their clinical behaviour is different in each case. In this study, two cases of the multiple intraductal papilloma are presented and clinical findings and surgical therapy are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/29. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.A patient with pure primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is reported. The patient was a 72 year old female who presented with a 4 month history of an enlarging left breast mass. Surgery involved a radical mastectomy and this was followed by post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient died of extensive metastatic disease some four months after surgery. The various characteristics of SCC of the breast are briefly discussed. A sub-group of SCC of the breast is identified among reported cases in which the clinical course is characterised by a very rapid growth, extremely aggressive behaviour and early metastasis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/29. Pseudo-angiomatous stromal hyperplasia presenting as a breast mass: imaging findings in three patients.The authors review the mammographic, ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in each of three patients with a breast tumor corresponding to the characteristics of pseudo-angiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH). Imaging findings are indistinguishable from those of the more common type of fibroadenoma, and they are categorised as BIRADS type 3 lesions (probably benign lesions). Their benign condition and behaviour compared with other similar cases, allows the recommendation that surgical excision be avoided, and the patients monitored with periodic follow-up. The diagnosis can be confidently established by sampling with a breast core biopsy in the case of any doubt about whether the lesion is benign if the patient is anxious.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/29. Pure malignant myoepitheliomas of the breast: an immunohistochemical study.myoepithelioma of breast are extremely rare. We report two cases of pure malignant myoepithelioma of the breast, utilising light microscopic and immunohistochemical methods for diagnosis. Both the cases presented as breast lump. hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained microscopic sections revealed a predominantly spindle cell tumor. Immunohistochemical work up was done. Case number one expressed positivity for vimentin, Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA), S-100 and CD10. Case number two expressed positivity for vimentin, CD10 and p63. This led to the diagnoses of malignant myoepithelioma in both of them. documentation of such cases prospectively and from archival material, using immunohistochemistry, is of extreme importance to assess the prevalence, various phenotypic patterns, long-term biological behaviour and to establish management protocols for malignant myoepithelioma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/29. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast. A case report and review.Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a malignant tumour of significant incidence with a better prognosis than histologically identical tumours occurring in other sites and as compared to other malignant tumours of the breast. The recognition of the tumour is important especially in the management of the individual patient but also in furthering understanding of growth, spread and biological behaviour of tumours.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = behaviour (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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