Cases reported "Brain Abscess"

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1/11. Cerebral infarctions and brain abscess due to lemierre syndrome.

    lemierre syndrome is characterized by anaerobic bacterial infection in the head and neck, causing thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein and septic metastasis to various distant organs, most often the lungs. Here we describe previously unreported clinical features of cerebral infarctions and brain abscess due to metastatic septic embolism of this uncommon but lethal syndrome, and the successful course of treatment with ampicillin, cefotaxime and metronidazole.
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keywords = bacterial infection
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2/11. A rapidly enlarging nocardial brain abscess mimicking malignant glioma.

    Nocardial brain abscesses are uncommon and are not preceded by clear infectious symptoms in most cases. Delayed identification of the bacteria is responsible for a high mortality rate. A 58-year-old afebrile woman was admitted to our hospital because of progressive right hemiparesis and aphasia. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a single ring-enhanced lesion in the left frontal lobe. It was extremely difficult to establish the diagnosis of brain abscess, because the laboratory data provided little evidence of bacterial infection, (201)TlCl-scintigraphy revealed definite accumulation of thallium in the lesion, and follow-up MRI demonstrated rapid enlargement of the lesion. Total resection was performed because of the possibility of a malignant brain tumor, but brain abscess was finally diagnosed with histological examination. A nocardial species was detected through microscopic examination of the pus obtained at surgery, and this precise diagnosis of nocardial brain abscess in the early stage enabled the administration of appropriate antibiotics and the patient's quick recovery. Nocardial brain abscesses are often misdiagnosed as malignant brain tumors, and a definitive diagnosis may not be possible without detecting bacteria from the lesion. Total excision of the abscess can produce good results when the abscess is large and located superficially, but incomplete aspiration and drainage of a lesion is associated with a high chance of relapse.
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keywords = bacterial infection
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3/11. brain abscess by mycotic and bacterial infection in a diabetic patient: clinical report and review of literature.

    This report presents a case of lethal invasive mucormycosis, a rare fungal infection, which predominantly affects immunocompromised patients, and is reported in a 57-year-old female who presented with cerebral abscess. The patient, who had undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, presented with extensive right hemifacial deficiency of the bones and soft tissues consequent to surgical resection of the ethmoid-spheno-maxillo-orbital district after mucormycosis. A reconstruction with a pectoral pedunculated flap was performed. The maxillary swelling extended to the contiguous area, involving the palate and homolateral orbital floor. Mucous and cutaneous samples showed the presence of aspergillus fumigatus, and diagnosis of rhinocerebral mucormycosis was made. The patients also presented with a right hemiplegia consequent to a cerebral abscess by eikenella corrodens. The authors decided to position an intraoral prosthesis to restore palatal integrity and masticatory function and inserted four titanium fixtures for the retention of the bone-anchored facial prosthesis.
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ranking = 4
keywords = bacterial infection
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4/11. brain abscess following endoscopic injection sclerotherapy: report of a case.

    A 33-year-old male patient with hepatitis b surface antigen positive cirrhosis, received 2 courses of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices. A streptococcus viridans brain abscess developed 2 weeks after the first sclerotherapy (or 1 week after the second sclerotherapy). In cirrhotic patients, an increase in pulmonary vasodilatation and pulmonary arteriovenous shunting has been well recognized. Sclerosant as well as bacteria may pass through a pulmonary arteriovenous shunt and reach the brain, directly after an infection of esophageal varices. brain ischemia and a bacterial infection may occur at the same time, this can accelerate the development of a pyogenic brain abscess. Careful observation for the early detection and treatment of infection following endoscopic sclerotherapy is essential.
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ranking = 1
keywords = bacterial infection
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5/11. Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy with multiple brain abscesses during the course of human herpesvirus-6 infection.

    Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy is characterized by recurrent infections such as pneumonia, otitis media, impetigo, purulent skin regions, gastritis, and upper respiratory infection. However, severe bacterial infection is uncommon. This report documents a 9-month-old boy presenting with autoimmune neutropenia in association with multiple brain abscesses during the course of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 infection. HHV-6 has a tendency of neurovirulence, which can destroy the blood-brain barrier and facilitate the easy invasion of agents inside the brain. Although autoimmune neutropenia of infancy is benign and self limiting, it must be emphasized that severe bacterial infection will be induced by concurrent viral infection in this specific disorder.
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keywords = bacterial infection
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6/11. Fatal klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis and emphysematous brain abscess after endoscopic variceal ligation in a patient with liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus.

    Procedure-related bacterial infections may complicate esophageal variceal ligation in cirrhosis patients. Here, we report a 58-year-old man with underlying diabetes and liver cirrhosis who developed klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis and brain abscess with gas formation in brain parenchyma and ventricles after this procedure. Despite administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, he became comatose on the 3rd day of acute illness and died on the 4th day of hospitalization. This case highlights the indication for antimicrobial prophylaxis in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, and the need for early and heightened awareness of central nervous system infections in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
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ranking = 1
keywords = bacterial infection
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7/11. Demonstration of purulent bacterial intracranial infections by computed tomography.

    Computed tomography is shown to be an important modality in both diagnosis and management of cerebral infections. Representative findings from CT scans of patients with purulent bacterial infection of the meninges, cerebrum, ventricles, and adjacent structures are presented. Material is taken from 2,645 CT scans done in a 1 year period at the Hospital of the University of pennsylvania. It is hoped that the use of CT will lead to a decrease of morbidity and mortality in entities such as brain abscess and subdural empyema.
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keywords = bacterial infection
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8/11. Primary intracranial actinomycosis. Report of a case and review of the literature.

    actinomycosis is a bacterial infection that affects chiefly the cervico-oro-facial area, the abdomen and lungs. From these sites it may sometimes spread to the central nervous system. Extremely rare, and controversial, is the possibility of a primary infection of the central nervous system. We report an odd case of apparently primary brain abscess caused by actinomyces israeli and review the literature.
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keywords = bacterial infection
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9/11. corynebacterium equi: a review of 12 cases of human infection.

    corynebacterium equi, an aerobic, variably acid-fast, gram-positive "diphtheroid," is an unusual cause of pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients. Initially, infection with C. equi may be mistaken for a mycobacterial infection. Two cases in a two-year period were observed and compared with the 10 cases previously reported in the literature. All but one patient had pulmonary involvement, and the presentation of all other patients was typically insidious, with fatigue, fever, and nonproductive cough. Chest roentgenograms showed cavitary lesions in seven of 11 patients. Four of 12 patients had associated bacteremias, and three of 12 had subcutaneous abscesses or lymphadenitis. One of our patients developed multiple brain abscesses. overall mortality was 25%. The organism is susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol. Optimal duration of antibiotic therapy and the proper role of surgery in treatment is uncertain, but relapses have been common and many weeks of antibiotic therapy have generally been required for cure.
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ranking = 1
keywords = bacterial infection
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10/11. Brainstem abscess and the syndrome of acute tegmental encephalitis.

    A 63-year-old man developed the acute onset and rapid progression of signs of lower brainstem dysfunction accompanied by a sterile cerebrospinal fluid containing moderate pleocytosis. autopsy examination disclosed diffuse acute bacterial inflammation of the brainstem tegmentum. The findings in 55 additional cases of brainstem bacterial infections are reviewed and discussed with respect to differential diagnosis and potential treatment.
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ranking = 1
keywords = bacterial infection
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