21/36. nicotine gum dependency: a positive addiction.Prolonged nicotine gum dependency may provide a therapeutic interlude for the compulsive or addictive patient during the transition from smoking to a tobacco-free state. We present a case report of an addicted man with asthma who successfully converted his tobacco dependency to the daily use of nicotine gum for four years. No adverse effects were seen. nicotine gum has potential as substitution therapy for prolonged treatment in a highly addictive, compulsive patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
22/36. The clinical spectrum of alcoholic pellagra encephalopathy. A retrospective analysis of 22 cases studied pathologically.A retrospective clinical study of 22 heavy alcohol drinkers is reported in which postmortem study showed diffuse chromatolysis of neurons identical to that found in neurological pellagra, associated in 13 cases with marchiafava-bignami disease and/or Wernicke-Korsakoff disease. The clinical features included confusion and/or clouding of consciousness, marked oppositional hypertonus ('gegenhalten') and myoclonus. Because of the frequent coexistence of other alcoholic encephalopathies in the same patient, alcoholic pellagra was often unrecognized. Fifteen patients received thiamine and pyridoxine therapy without niacin. It appeared to aggravate the neurological state or to trigger the development of alcoholic pellagra encephalopathy in 9 cases. The relationship between pellagra occurring during thiamine and pyridoxine therapy and 'nicotinic acid deficiency' is discussed. Multiple vitamin therapy should be given in the treatment of undiagnosed encephalopathies in alcoholic patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
23/36. clonidine in alcohol withdrawal: a clinical report.Potential of clonidine in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal reactions was investigated. clonidine was found to be remarkably effective in alleviating various alcohol abstinence signs in a chronic alcoholic. The usefulness of clonidine and related alpha 2-agonists in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal states is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
24/36. Abnormal fetal behavioural state regulation in a case of high maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy.In the near term human fetus disturbed behavioural state organization has been found in cases of intra-uterine growth retardation or maternal type-1-diabetes. The present case report describes abnormal fetal behavioural state organization found in combination with maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy. The abnormalities included frequent interruptions of the periods of concordant association of 2F-parameters, reflected by a high proportion of no-coincidence, and spontaneous awakenings (State 4F), always following stable periods of State 1F. The latter phenomenon was not found thus far by us or others, neither in normal nor in complicated pregnancies. After birth normal state organization was found. It is suggested that the abnormalities in fetal behaviour might have been due to maternal alcohol abuse, whereas a possible withdrawal effect might have occurred in utero.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
25/36. gallium-67-citrate scanning in tuberculous peritonitis.A 32-year old black, alcoholic male was noted to have an abnormal gallium-67-citrate scan during a work-up for persistent fever. Surgical biopsies revealed findings of the dry form of tuberculosis peritonitis. The literature concerning gallium-67-citrate scanning was reviewed and its usefulness in inflammatory disease states (including two reports of positive scans in tuberculous peritonitis) was demonstrated. In addition, we have considered the possible mechanisms of gallium-67-citrate uptake by inflammatory cells and its probable relationship to the granulomas associated with tuberculous peritonitis. We conclude that gallium-67-citrate scanning is an important diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of a fever of unknown origin. Moreover, it may significantly shorten the diagnostic work-up of those cases of tuberculous peritonitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
26/36. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and substance abuse in Vietnam combat veterans: treatment problems, strategies and recommendations.Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) rarely presents as a discrete diagnostic entity. Frequently, PTSD is accompanied by substance abuse, somatoform, and/or affective disorders. This article focuses on the interplay of PTSD and substance abuse in Vietnam combat veterans. PTSD symptoms, assessment and diagnostic difficulties, treatment strategies and recommendations are discussed. The role of substance abuse should be determined before initiating treatment. Substance abuse may suppress, exacerbate or perpetuate PTSD symptoms. Substance-free combat veterans, veterans who use substances to self-medicate PTSD symptoms, and chronic substance abusers can be differentiated. Treatment goals and strategies differ for each group. Case histories, intake procedures and treatment recommendations conclude this article. To conform with APA guidelines (1983) for non-sexist language and to avoid ambiguity of reference, it should be stated that all of the information in this paper came from or relates to male Vietnam combat veterans. It is truly unfortunate that so little is known about the role of females in the vietnam conflict. The authors, who are themselves Vietnam veterans, have interviewed or treated more than 2,000 combat veterans and their families and have found that 80% of the veterans seen have had alcohol related problems. The information in this paper is largely drawn from the authors' personal experiences, that of co-professionals with whom they have worked, and from the direct experiences of patients who have been treated by the authors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
27/36. Elevated catecholamine levels in hypertension. Basis for misdiagnosis of pheochromocytoma in three patients.These three cases show that the laboratory diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, like that of other endocrine disorders, may be in error if the physiologic state of the patient is not taken into consideration. Each of these patients had a condition that enhanced catecholamine production--hypothyroidism in one case, volume depletion induced by use of diuretics in another, and alcoholism in the third. When these conditions were controlled, catecholamine values returned to normal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
28/36. Specific approaches and techniques in the treatment of gay male alcohol abusers.An extended discussion of specific therapeutic approaches and techniques with homosexual male alcohol abusers, including dealing with low self-esteem, sober sex, getting high, getting "far out" sexually, double lives, second rate relationships, social bonding, and aging. In this paper, the bias of treatment approaches is toward individualized, interpersonal, holistic eclecticism: a combination of responsibility building therapy, awareness therapy, medical and neurophysiological approaches, strategic therapy, utilization of altered states of consciousness, and attitudinal change therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
29/36. Archetypal foundations of addiction and recovery.Addiction recovery takes place at an archetypal level. This is quite visible in the formulation of the twelve steps of AA which refer to forces in illness and recovery, e.g., a take-over by the addictive substances or process that renders one's life unmanageable and often devastated and the strong need to be in relation to a higher power for restoration of one's life. Many people respond to recovery programmes without getting into their individual psychology per se, but a number can benefit from analytic therapy which recognizes the archetypal level of psychic life. For those individuals analysis in conjunction with AA twelve step programmes can facilitate recovery, even as recovery facilitates analysis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
30/36. Patterns of hepatic morphology in jejunoileal bypass patients.The close similarity of the hepatic histological pattern in two conditions, I) jejunoileal bypass and 2) chronic alcoholism, is described, including the inconstancy of development of permanent hepatic changes in both conditions. It appears that serious hepatic disease develops in an incidence between 1 and 17% of patients who have received the operation. Hepatic disease presents itself as: 1) acute hepatic failure, 2) insidious development of cirrhosis, or 3) tenous hepatic functional state that reduces hepatic resistance to other insults.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = state (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| <- Previous || Next -> |