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1/4. scalp actinomycosis mimicking soft tissue mass.

    actinomycosis is a rare, subacute or chronic bacterial infection, characterized by localized swelling with suppuration, abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and draining sinuses. It is caused by gram-positive, pleomorphic non-spore-forming, non-acid-fast anaerobic or microaerophilic bacilli of the genus actinomyces. In humans, actinomyces are often normally found in the oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract and the female genital tract. Infections of the oral and cervicofacial regions are the most commonly reported cases. We present a case of subcutaneous actinomycosis, localized at the upper segment of the posterior neck space, with scalp involvement.
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2/4. CT diagnosis of actinomycosis of the neck.

    actinomycosis is an unusual bacterial infection that most often affects the head and neck region. Abscesses occasionally associated with a draining sinus may result secondary to extensive tissue destruction. We report the CT appearance in a case of actinomycosis of the neck. A thick walled enhancing mass with a low attenuation center was identified between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the strap muscles of the neck. Enhancement of the adjacent muscles was present. Surgery confirmed an abscess with inflammation of the adjacent muscle. Histologic examination of the specimen showed the presence of multiple yellow (sulfur) granules containing actinomyces. Computed tomography correctly determined the extent of the mass and lack of involvement of the deep structures of the neck.
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keywords = bacterial infection
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3/4. Localized oral blastomycosis mimicking actinomycosis.

    A case of blastomycosis limited to the oral cavity is presented. The disease apparently originated in the mandible and eroded into the oral cavity. Secondary bacterial infection of the sinus tracts resulted in a clinical picture that mimicked cervicofacial actinomycosis. Appropriate microbiologic studies, including culture confirmation of the causative organism, were necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis.
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keywords = bacterial infection
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4/4. Cervicofacial actinomycosis resembling a ruptured cyst.

    actinomycosis, a chronic suppurative bacterial infection characterized by draining sinuses that discharge "sulfur granules," can mimic numerous other infectious and noninfectious conditions. We describe a 33-year-old woman with cervicofacial actinomycosis, which, on initial evaluation, was clinically and histologically diagnosed as a ruptured cyst.
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keywords = bacterial infection
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