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Cases reported "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome"
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1/25. Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas of a large scrotal lesion in an AIDS patient.In the setting of HIV infection, chronic genital ulcerations may be challenging both diagnostically and therapeutically. The differential diagnosis of these lesions is very broad, and the causes can be multifactorial. We present a case of a chronic, extensive, ulcerating scrotal mass and review the salient clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/25. mycobacterium kansasii pericarditis as a presentation of AIDS.mycobacterium kansasii infection is a recognized complication of AIDS and a broad spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations has been reported. However, AIDS-related M. kansasii pericarditis is an extremely rare disease. We report the first European case of this infection, that presented some different clinical findings to those previously described in HIV-infected individuals. M. kansasii pericarditis was the first AIDS-defining illness presented by the patient. The stained smears of pericardial fluid were negative for acid-fast bacilli and an increased level of adenosine deaminase was observed in pericardial fluid. A short course of prednisone therapy was added to antituberculous treatment, with a good clinical response.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/25. Lethal invasive cestodiasis in immunosuppressed patients.Using both traditional methods and broad-range 18S ribosomal dna (rDNA) polymerase chain reaction, we examined 2 cases of lethal cestodiasis, in which the disease agent had been poorly identified or misidentified. In one case, involving a patient with AIDS, we identified the human dwarf tapeworm, hymenolepis nana, as a cause of aberrant metastatic larval disease. In the second case with similar pathologic abnormalities, involving a patient with hodgkin disease, we identified a larval cestode with a previously uncharacterized 18S rDNA sequence. A prior report of this case nearly 30 years ago, based on tissue examination, had suggested that the parasite was a sparganum.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/25. HIV-associated pericardial effusions.Following a case of cardiac tamponade in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we examined the frequency and clinical spectrum of pericardial effusions associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) at our institution. Of 187 hospitalized patients documented to have pericardial effusions over a one-year period, 14 (7 percent) were known to be HIV-positive at the time of their echocardiograms. One patient presented with a large effusion and cardiac tamponade, three had moderate effusions, and ten had small effusions. The probable effusion etiology was established in four cases and included endocarditis (2), lymphoma (1), and myocardial infarction (1). In hospital mortality was 29 percent (4 of 14). From our study, as well as a growing number of reports in the literature, we conclude that HIV-associated pericardial effusions are frequently seen and that their clinical spectrum is broad.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/25. Acute human immunodeficiency virus infection.Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic seroconversion to a severe symptomatic illness resembling infectious mononucleosis or other medical conditions including hepatitis, meningoencephalitis, or pneumonitis. Without clinical alertness, the illness is usually misdiagnosed or even not considered. Here we report 3 cases of acute hiv-1 infection with either a negative hiv-1 antibody assay or an indeterminate Western blot result, but high plasma levels of hiv-1 rna. The initial presentations included fever, skin rash, sore throat, neck lymphadenopathy, cough and headache. One patient presented with infectious mononucleosis-like illness, 1 with aseptic meningitis, and 1 with acute tonsillitis. physicians should be alert to the possibility of acute hiv-1 infection, especially in cases with unexplained fever, lymphadenopathy or rash.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/25. The baron has AIDS: a case of factitious human immunodeficiency virus infection and review.A 31-year-old cachectic intravenous drug user received treatment at in- and outpatient AIDS care facilities for almost one year before the diagnosis of munchausen syndrome was established. Cases of factitious AIDS have been reported with increasing frequency since the onset of the AIDS epidemic. patients typically give a complex history of opportunistic infections and present with acute neurological or psychiatric complaints. Few of these patients have a history of munchausen syndrome. Most are members of groups at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and are thus at risk for actually developing the conditions they feign. As multidisciplinary care of HIV-infected patients becomes increasingly broad-based, technical, and expensive, health care providers should be aware of the phenomenon of factitious AIDS. Judicious confirmation of medical history and HIV serologic test results should not be overlooked in clinical facilities that are oriented toward treatment of HIV-infected patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/25. Disseminated microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon hellem) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. autopsy evidence for respiratory acquisition.microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoal parasites that infect a variety of cell types in a broad range of invertebrates and vertebrates. They have recently come to medical attention due to the increased frequency with which members of two microsporidian genera, enterocytozoon and Encephalitozoon, are being diagnosed in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The majority of published reports of human microsporidiosis describe enterocytozoon infection of small intestinal enterocytes. In addition, a growing number of AIDS patients have been identified with infection due to the two species of Encephalitozoon-encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon hellem, observed in conjunctival, corneal, and, recently, sinonasal tissues. However, there are scant data regarding the systemic pathology and epidemiology of these infections. This article describes a patient with AIDS who died with systemic Encephalitozoon infection. The etiologic microsporidian was found to be E hellem by using antemortem biochemical and antigenic analyses. A complete autopsy, the first to be reported in a patient with this infection, revealed organisms in the eyes, urinary tract, and respiratory tract. A surprising observation was the occurrence of numerous organisms within the lining epithelium of almost the entire length of the tracheobronchial tree, suggestive of respiratory acquisition. Detailed light and electron microscopic findings and the biological and diagnostic features of microsporidiosis are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/25. Concomitant disseminated histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis in a person with AIDS.A 46-year-old Hispanic male from ecuador presented with fever, malaise, weight loss, and dyspnea. He was HIV-positive with a CD4+ cell count of 4/microL. He was hospitalized, and therapy for community-acquired pneumonia with broad-spectrum antibiotics was started. Both histoplasma capsulatum and cryptococcus neoformans were cultured from bronchial lavage, blood, and bone marrow specimens. Despite aggressive therapy with amphotericin b, the patient died 8 days after admission.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/25. Drug-resistant nocardia asteroides infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.We have reported what we believe to be the first case of disseminated infection due to a multiply drug resistant strain of nocardia asteroides in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and concomitant disseminated histoplasmosis. This strain of the organism fits a pattern of susceptibility that is rare among N asteroides isolates in general and has been called the type 5 pattern, described as a resistance to broad spectrum cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and all aminoglycosides except amikacin. The recognition of disease due to this group of organisms is especially important in patients with AIDS because sulfonamides, considered the drugs of choice for treatment of N asteroides infection, are associated with a high incidence of adverse effects in these patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/25. Probable neutropenic enterocolitis in patients with AIDS.Neutropenic enterocolitis is well documented in patients with leukemia or lymphoma who are recovering from the adverse effects of chemotherapy. We report two cases of probable neutropenic enterocolitis in two patients with AIDS who developed the syndrome during an episode of moderate neutropenia. To the best of our knowledge, this syndrome has not been reported previously in a patient with AIDS. Both of our patients manifested a mild form of enterocolitis that was characterized by fever, abdominal pain, and evidence of colonic edema easily recognized by computed tomography of the abdomen. Both patients were managed successfully with use of conservative measures including discontinuation of use of marrow-suppressive drugs and therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Neutropenic enterocolitis should be considered as a treatable cause of fever and abdominal pain in patients with AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = broad (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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